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Evaluating Cover Crops and Herbicides for Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Control in Cotton

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew S. Wiggins ,
Robert M. Hayes  and
Lawrence E. Steckel
Matthew S. Wiggins
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301
Robert M. Hayes
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301
Lawrence E. Steckel*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, 605 Airways Blvd., Jackson, TN 38301
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: lsteckel@utk.edu.
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Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds, especially GR Palmer amaranth, are very problematic in cotton-producing areas of the midsouthern region of the United States. Growers rely heavily on PRE residual herbicides to control Palmer amaranth since few effective POST options exist. Interest in integrating high-residue cover crops with existing herbicide programs to combat GR weeds has increased. Research was conducted in 2013 and 2014 in Tennessee to evaluate GR Palmer amaranth control when integrating cover crops and PRE residual herbicides. Cereal rye, crimson clover, hairy vetch, winter wheat, and combinations of one grass plus one legume were compared with winter weeds without a cover crop followed by fluometuron or acetochlor applied PRE. Biomass of cover crops was determined prior to termination 3 wk before planting. Combinations of grass and legume cover crops accumulated the most biomass (> 3,500 kg ha−1) but by 28 d after application (DAA) the cereal rye and wheat provided the best Palmer amaranth control. Crimson clover and hairy vetch treatments had the greatest number of Palmer amaranth. These cereal and legume blends reduced Palmer amaranth emergence by half compared to non–cover-treated areas. Fluometuron and acetochlor controlled Palmer amaranth 95 and 89%, respectively, at 14 DAA and 54 and 62%, respectively, at 28 DAA. Cover crops in combination with a PRE herbicide did not adequately control Palmer amaranth.

Malezas resistentes a glyphosate (GR), especialmente Amaranthus palmeri GR, son muy problemáticas en áreas productoras de algodón en el la región sur-media de Estados Unidos. Los productores dependen altamente de herbicidas PRE residuales para el control de A. palmeri, ya que existen pocas opciones POST efectivas. El interés en integrar cultivos de cobertura con alta producción de residuos con programas existentes de herbicidas para combatir malezas GR ha incrementado. Se realizó una investigación en 2013 y 2014 en Tennessee para evaluar el control de A. palmeri GR al integrar cultivos de cobertura y herbicidas PRE residuales. El centeno, Trifolium incarnatum, Vicia villosa, trigo de invierno, y combinaciones de una gramínea con una leguminosa fueron comparados con malezas de invierno sin ningún cultivo de cobertura seguido por fluometuron o acetochlor aplicados PRE. La biomasa de los cultivos de cobertura fue determinada antes de la terminación de estos 3 semanas antes de la siembra. Las combinaciones de gramíneas y cultivos de cobertura de leguminosas acumularon la mayoría de la biomasa (> 3,500 kg ha−1), pero a 28 d después de la aplicación (DAA), el centeno y el trigo brindaron el mejor control de A. palmeri. Los tratamientos de T. incarnatum y V. villosa tuvieron el mayor número de A. palmeri. Las mezclas de estos cereales y leguminosas redujeron la emergencia de A. palmeri a la mitad en comparación con las áreas sin cultivos de cobertura. Fluometuron y acetochlor controlaron A. palmeri 95 y 89%, respectivamente, a 14 DAA, y 54 y 62%, respectivamente, a 28 DAA. Los cultivos de cobertura con un herbicida PRE no controlaron adecuadamente A. palmeri.

Keywords

AcetochlorfluometuronPalmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.cereal rye, Secale cereal L.cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L.crimson clover, Trifolium incarnatum L.hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Rothwinter wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Conservation agriculturecultural weed controlresistance management
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , June 2016 , pp. 415 - 422
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Daniel Stephenson, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center.

References

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