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Efficacy of triclopyr and synthetic auxin herbicide mixtures for common blue violet (Viola sororia) control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 April 2020

Aaron J. Patton Open the ORCID record for Aaron J. Patton [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniel V. Weisenberger  and
Wenwen Liu Open the ORCID record for Wenwen Liu [Opens in a new window]
Aaron J. Patton*
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Daniel V. Weisenberger
Affiliation:
Research Agronomist, Retired, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Wenwen Liu
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Aaron J. Patton, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, 625 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN47907. (Email: ajpatton@purdue.edu)
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Abstract

Common blue violet is a widely distributed, perennial broadleaf that is difficult to control in lawns. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of synthetic auxin herbicides and their mixtures or rate for common blue violet control. A herbicide comparison experiment was conducted with treatments including a nontreated check; 2,4-D dimethylamine; 2,4-D isooctyl ester (2,4-D ester); dichlorprop (2,4-DP) ethylhexyl ester, MCPA dimethylamine; mecoprop dimethylamine; triclopyr butoxyethyl ester; quinclorac; and mixtures of triclopyr + quinclorac; 2,4-D ester + 2,4-DP; 2,4-D ester + triclopyr; 2,4-D ester + 2,4-DP + triclopyr. All herbicides were applied at 1.12 kg ae ha−1 except quinclorac (0.84 kg ha−1). Additionally, a triclopyr dose-response experiment was conducted using rates of 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 0.84, and 1.12 kg ha−1. Epinasty ranged from 80% to 99% at 21 d after application for triclopyr-containing treatments and no more than 28% for all other treatments. Plant mass from harvest and regrowth data from the comparison experiment indicated triclopyr-containing treatments provided the highest common blue violet control. Mixtures containing triclopyr did not differ from triclopyr alone, indicating there was no added effect between herbicide mixtures. The triclopyr dose-response experiment confirmed triclopyr efficacy across data collection types. As triclopyr dose increased, violet epinasty increased and chlorophyll content and dry weight decreased. Triclopyr applied at 0.81 kg ha−1 or greater concentration provided 75% or greater control, as indicated by regrowth data. Many herbicides containing triclopyr are registered for use in turf, but most apply a concentration not greater than 0.56 kg ha−1 triclopyr when applied at the high label rate. Thus, to achieve good (75%) common blue violet control, turf managers should select products that contain triclopyr and apply doses of at least 0.81 kg ha−1 when used according to the label.

Keywords

2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(±)-2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (mecoprop)(±)-2-(2, 4-dichlorophenoxy)propanoic acid (dichlorprop)2, 4-D dimethylamine2, 4-D isooctyl ester4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid3, 7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid (quinclorac)3, 5, 6-trichloro-2-pyridinyloxyacetic acid (triclopyr)common blue violetViola sororia Willd. VIOPP.Viola papilionaceawild violetwooly blue violet
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , August 2020 , pp. 475 - 481
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2020

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Barry Brecke, University of Florida

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