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Effect of Drip-Applied Herbicides on Yellow Nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) in Plasticulture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Peter J. Dittmar ,
David W. Monks  and
Katherine M. Jennings
Peter J. Dittmar*
Affiliation:
Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
David W. Monks
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
Katherine M. Jennings
Affiliation:
Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: pdittmar@ufl.edu
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Abstract

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to determine the effect of halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron applied through drip irrigation on yellow nutsedge. In greenhouse studies, yellow nutsedge control by halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron was greater (69 to 91%) than the nontreated control (0%). Yellow nutsedge treated with halosulfuron POST had a lower photosynthetic rate (0.6 to 22.6 µmol m−2 s−1) at 4, 7, and 14 d after treatment than the nontreated control (3.3 to 26.2 µmol m−2 s−1). Yellow nutsedge treated with trifloxysulfuron had lower photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance than the nontreated plants. In field studies at Clinton, NC, yellow nutsedge density increased from treatment (day 0) to 56 d after treatment in all treatments. Increase in yellow nutsedge density was 72 and 95% in drip-applied halosulfuron and imazosulfuron treatments compared with yellow nutsedge density increases of 876% for the same period in the nontreated plots. Yellow nutsedge density increased 69 and 57% at Clinton and Kinston, NC, respectively, in the drip-applied 15 g ha−1 trifloxysulfuron treatment compared with 876% in the nontreated control. In field studies at Clinton and Kinston, NC, suppression of yellow nutsedge emergence in POST and drip-applied herbicide treatments was similar. Emergence of yellow nutsedge was similar in the imazosulfuron POST and the nontreated yellow nutsedge. Based on these studies, drip-applied herbicides may be beneficial as a part of a yellow nutsedge control program, but additional measures, such as a POST herbicide, would be needed for effective control. Drip-applied herbicides may give growers an option for herbicide application after drip irrigation tape and polyethylene mulch have been installed in the current vegetable crops. This application method would also allow herbicide treatment under plastic mulch used for multicropping systems.

Se condujeron estudios de invernadero y de campo para determinar el efecto de halosulfuron, imazosulfuron y trifloxysulfuron aplicados a través de irrigación por goteo en Cyperus esculentus. En los estudios de invernadero, el control de C. esculentus por halosulfuron, imazosulfuron y trifloxysulfuron fue mayor (69 a 91%) que el testigo no tratado (0%). La C. esculentus tratada con halosulfuron POST, tuvo una tasa fotosintética menor (0.6 a 22.6 µmol m−2 s−1) a 4, 7 y 14 días después del tratamiento (DAT) comparado con el testigo no tratado (3.3 a 26.2 µmol m−2 s−1). La C. esculentus tratada con trifloxysulfuron tuvo una tasa fotosintética y una conductancia estomática menor que la no tratada. En estudios de campo en Clinton, la densidad de C. esculentus se incrementó desde el tratamiento (día 0) hasta 56 DAT, en todos los tratamientos. El incremento en la densidad de C. esculentus fue 72 y 95% en tratamientos aplicados por goteo de halosulfuron e imazosulfuron, comparado a los incrementos de densidad de C. esculentus de 876% para el mismo período de tiempo pero sin tratar. La densidad de C. esculentus se incrementó 69 y 57% en Clinton y Kinston respectivamente, en el tratamiento de 15 g ha−1 de trifloxysulfuron aplicado por goteo, comparado a un incremento de 876% en el testigo no tratado. En los estudios de campo de Clinton y Kinston, la supresión de la emergencia de C. esculentus en tratamientos de herbicidas POST y en aplicaciones por goteo fue similar. La emergencia de C. esculentus fue similar en imazosulfuron POST y la no tratada. Con base en estos estudios, los herbicidas aplicados por goteo pueden ser benéficos como parte del programa de control de C. esculentus, pero medidas adicionales tales como un herbicida POST, serían necesarias para un efectivo control. Los herbicidas aplicados por goteo pueden ofrecer a los agricultores una opción de aplicación de los mismos después que la cinta de irrigación por goteo y la cobertera de polietileno, hayan sido instaladas en el cultivo de hortalizas. Este método de aplicación permitiría también usar tratamientos de herbicida bajo cobertera de plástico en sistemas de multi-cultivo.

Keywords

Halosulfuronimazosulfurontrifloxysulfuronyellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L.Sulfonylureaherbicide application methodmethyl bromide alternativesdrip irrigation
Type
Weed Management—Other Crops/AREAS
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 26 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 243 - 247
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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