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Diurnal Fluctuations and Leaf Angle Reduce Glufosinate Efficacy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brent A. Sellers ,
Reid J. Smeda  and
William G. Johnson
Brent A. Sellers
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, 210 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211
Reid J. Smeda*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, 210 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211
William G. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Missouri, 210 Waters Hall, Columbia, MO 65211
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: smedar@missouri.edu
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Abstract

Velvetleaf plants have diurnal leaf movements, which may result in decreased interception of herbicides when applications are made near sunset. However, it is not known if leaf angle alone accounts for diurnal fluctuations in efficacy. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the effect of time of day (TOD) of application and velvetleaf leaf angle on glufosinate efficacy and spray interception. Glufosinate at 90, 180, and 360 g ai/ha was applied to 10-cm-tall plants at 4:00, 6:00, 7:00, 7:30, and 8:00 P.M., respectively. Leaf angles were either manipulated physically to −90° or the plant's natural 2:00 P.M. leaf angle (approximately −10°) or were allowed to exhibit their natural leaf movements. Plant dry weight 3 wk after treatment revealed that TOD effects were observed for all leaf angle treatments after glufosinate application at 90 g/ha. At 180 g/ha glufosinate, there was no TOD effect for plants with 2 P.M. leaf angles, whereas there was a TOD effect for plants with −90° and natural leaf angles. At 360 g/ha glufosinate, biomass for the −90° leaf angle plants was similar to that for the natural and the 2:00 P.M. leaf angle plants when glufosinate was applied at 4:00 P.M. but was significantly different at or after 6:00 P.M. This suggests that at least 4 h of light is needed to provide optimum herbicide activity when spray interception is reduced as a result of leaf movements. Leaf angle decreased by as much as 70% from 4:00 to 8:00 P.M., which resulted in approximately 50% less spray interception at 8:00 P.M. than at 4:00 P.M. These data provide evidence that leaf angle plays a pivotal role in reducing glufosinate efficacy when applications are made near sundown. However, leaf angle is not the sole reason for reduced efficacy because TOD effects were observed at different leaf angles with 4 h of light, after an application of 360 g/ha glufosinate.

Keywords

Glufosinatevelvetleaf, Abutilon theophrasti Medicus #3 ABUTHApplication timingglufosinateherbicide interceptiontime of dayGS, glutamine synthetasePOST, postemergenceTOD, time of dayWAT, weeks after treatment
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , June 2003 , pp. 302 - 306
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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