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Distribution of Arable Weed Populations along Eastern Arkansas Mississippi Delta Roadsides: Occurrence, Distribution, and Favored Growth Habitats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nicholas E. Korres ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan  and
Andy Mauromoustakos
Nicholas E. Korres*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Muthukumar V. Bagavathiannan
Affiliation:
Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M University, TX 77843
Andy Mauromoustakos
Affiliation:
Agricultural Statistics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: korres@uark.edu or nkorres@yahoo.co.uk.
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Abstract

A survey was conducted in 2012 across 13 counties in the eastern Arkansas–Mississippi Delta area on 489 randomly selected road sites to assess the distribution of the most commonly occurring arable weeds. Among the 36 species recorded, Palmer amaranth, johnsongrass, large crabgrass, barnyardgrass, prickly sida, and broadleaf signalgrass were the top six weed species, occurring at 313, 294, 261, 238, 176, and 136 sites, respectively. Barnyardgrass, johnsongrass, and Palmer amaranth were present at 34, 32, and 31% of all sampling occasions (site by roadside topographical characteristic). Habitat preferences varied between weed species. Palmer amaranth, large crabgrass, and johnsongrass exhibited a preference for disturbed habitats as well as field shoulders. Conversely, barnyardgrass, yellow nutsedge, hemp sesbania, and giant ragweed exhibit a preference for moist environments similar to these found in roadside ditches. Herbicide use on roadsides is subject to many environmental regulations and public concerns that, in combination with the evolution of herbicide resistance, necessitate an effective plan for managing agronomically important weed species on eastern Arkansas–Mississippi Delta roadsides.

En 2012, se realizó un estudio observacional a lo largo de 13 condados en el este del área del Delta Arkansas-Mississippi en 489 sitios de carreteras, seleccionados aleatoriamente para evaluar la distribución de las malezas más comúnmente encontradas en áreas agrícolas arables. Entre las 36 especies detectadas, Amaranthus palmeri, Sorghum halepense, Digitaria sanguinalis, Sida spinosa, y Urochloa platyphylla fueron las seis especies de malezas más frecuentes encontrándose en 313, 294, 261, 238, 176, y 136 sitios, respectivamente. Echinochloa crus-galli, S. halepense, y A. Palmeri estuvieron presentes en 34, 32, y 31% de todas las condiciones de muestreo (sitio por característica topográfica de la carretera). Las preferencias de hábitat variaron entre las especies de malezas. A. palmeri, D. sanguinalis, y S. halepense exhibieron una preferencia por hábitats perturbados y los bordes de los campos. En cambio, E. crus-galli, Cyperus esculentus, Sesbania herbacea, y Ambrosia trifida exhibieron una preferencia por ambientes húmedos similares a los encontrados en los drenajes de las carreteras. El uso de herbicidas en los bordes de carreteras se encuentra bajo muchas regulaciones ambientales y preocupaciones del público que, en combinación con la evolución de resistencia a herbicidas, necesita un plan efectivo para el manejo de especies agronómicamente importantes en los bordes de carreteras en el este del área del Delta Arkansas-Mississippi.

Keywords

Barnyardgrass, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.broadleaf signalgrass, Urochloa platyphylla (Nash) R. D Webstergiant ragweed, Ambrosia trifida L.hemp sesbania, Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaughjohnsongrass, Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.large crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.Palmer amaranth, Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.prickly sida, Sida spinosa L.yellow nutsedge Cyperus esculentus L.Data filteringeastern Arkansasland useMississippi Deltaroadside topographyroad typeweed distributionweed survey
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 29 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 587 - 595
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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