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Effect of Light on Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Competition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Claudio M. Ghersa ,
Maria A. Martinez-Ghersa ,
Jorge J. Casal ,
Miriam Kaufman ,
Mary Lynn Roush  and
Victor A. Deregibus
Claudio M. Ghersa
Affiliation:
Dep. Ecologia, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Maria A. Martinez-Ghersa
Affiliation:
Dep. Ecologia, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Jorge J. Casal
Affiliation:
Dep. Ecologia, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Miriam Kaufman
Affiliation:
Dep. Ecologia, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
Mary Lynn Roush
Affiliation:
Dep. For. Sci., College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
Victor A. Deregibus
Affiliation:
Dep. Produccion Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, 1417-Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine whether manipulation of radiation environment during the period of winter wheat establishment can be used to improve wheat yields in Italian ryegrass-infested fields. Percentage of total irradiation and ratio of red (R) light (around 660 ηm) to far-red (FR) light (around 730 ηm) reaching the soil surface were important factors in regulating Italian ryegrass germination, growth, and competitive interactions with wheat. Reducing total irradiation to about 10% of full sunlight while maintaining the normal R/FR ratio of about 1.0 reduced wheat grain production in the presence of Italian ryegrass by about 40% compared with weed-free wheat in full sunlight. Further, reducing total irradiation to 3% of full sunlight plus reducing the R/FR ratio to about 0.2 reduced wheat grain production competing with Italian ryegrass by about 35% compared with production in the control conditions. Wheat production of dry matter, spikes, and seeds in the presence of Italian ryegrass increased more than threefold under both shading treatments compared with production in full sunlight.

Keywords

Winter wheat, Triticum aestivum L. 'Stephen’Italian ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum # LOLMUSeedling establishmentweed germinationyield lossesLOLMU
Type
Research
Information
Weed Technology , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , March 1994 , pp. 37 - 45
Copyright
Copyright © 1994 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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