Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T04:47:11.647Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Use of Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and Rye Cover Crops for Weed Suppression in Sweet Corn

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Mayank S. Malik ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
A. Stanley Culpepper ,
Melissa B. Riley  and
William Bridges Jr.
Mayank S. Malik*
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, 277 Poole Agricultural Center, Clemson, SC 29634
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
A. Stanley Culpepper
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, P.O. Box 1209, Tifton, GA 31794
Melissa B. Riley
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Soils and Plant Sciences, Clemson University, 120 Long Hall, Clemson, SC 29634
William Bridges Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Economics and Statistics, Clemson University, 243 Barre Hall, Clemson, SC 29634
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: mmalik@clemson.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments were conducted near Blackville, SC, and Tifton, GA, in 2004 and 2005, to evaluate the effect of wild radish and rye cover crops on weed control and sweet corn yield when used in conjunction with lower-than-recommended herbicide rates. Cover crop treatments included wild radish, rye, and no cover crop, alone and in conjunction with half and full rates of atrazine (0.84 and 1.68 kg ai ha−1) plus S-metolachlor (0.44 and 0.87 kg ai ha−1) applied before sweet corn emergence. Florida pusley, large crabgrass, spreading dayflower, ivyleaf morningglory, and wild radish infested the test sites. Wild radish and rye cover crops without herbicides reduced total weed density by 35 and 50%, respectively, at 4 wk after planting (WAP). Wild radish in conjunction with the full rate of atrazine plus S-metolachlor controlled Florida pusley, large crabgrass, and ivyleaf morningglory better than rye or no cover crop treated with a full herbicide rate in 2004 at Blackville. In 2005, at Blackville, weed control in sweet corn following wild radish cover crop plots alone was not different from that following rye. Wild radish or rye in conjunction with a half or full rate of atrazine and S-metolachlor controlled > 95% Florida pusley, wild radish, and large crabgrass in sweet corn at Tifton during both years. Ten glucosinolates, potential allelopathic compounds, were identified in wild radish, including glucoiberin, progoitrin, glucoraphanin, glucoraphenin, glucosinalbin, gluconapin, glucotropaeolin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturtin. Sweet corn yields at Blackville and Tifton following wild radish or rye cover crops were similar between the half and full rates of atrazine plus S-metolachlor. Sweet corn in wild radish or rye cover crop plots without herbicides produced less-marketable ears than herbicide-treated plots, indicating that a combination of cover crops and herbicides are required to optimize yields and to obtain desirable weed control.

Keywords

AtrazineS-metolachlorFlorida pusley, Richardia scabra L. RCHSCivyleaf morningglory, Ipomoea hederacea Jacq. IPOHElarge crabgrass, Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. DIGSAspreading dayflower, Commelina diffusa Burm. f. COMDIwild radish Raphanus raphanistrum L. RAPRArye, Secale cereale L. ‘Wrenz’sweet corn, Zea mays L. ‘Silver Queen’, ‘Summer Sweet’, ‘Prime Plus’Allelopathycover cropsglucosinolatesIWMreduced herbicide rates
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , August 2008 , pp. 588 - 595
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Al-Khatib, K., Libbey, C., and Boydston, R. 1997. Weed suppression with Brassica green manure crops in green pea. Weed Sci. 45:439–445.Google Scholar
Anonymous 1992. Rapeseed determination of glucosinolate content, Part I: method using high-performance liquid chromatography. Geneva International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Reference 9167-1,1992(E).Google Scholar
Barnes, J. P. and Putnam, A. R. 1986. Evidence for allelopathy by residues and aqueous extracts of rye. Weed Sci. 34:384–390.Google Scholar
Belles, D. 2002. Glucosinolate Biosynthesis, Genetics, and Allelopathic Potential. http://www.colostate.edu/Depts/Entomology/courses/en570/papers_2002.htm. Accessed: September 13, 2004.Google Scholar
Booth, B. D., Murphy, S. D., and Swanton, C. J. 2003. Interactions between populations I: competition and allelopathy. in. Weed Ecology in Natural and Agricultural Systems. Cambridge, MA CABI. 126.Google Scholar
Borek, V., Elberson, L. R., McCaffrey, J. P., and Morra, M. J. 1998. Toxicity of isothiocyanates produced by glucosinolates in Brassica sp. to black vine weevil eggs. J. Agric. Food Chem. 46:5318–5323.Google Scholar
Borek, V. and Morra, M. J. 2005. Ionic thiocyanate (SCN−) production from 4-hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate contained in Sinapis alba seed meal. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:8650–8654.Google Scholar
Boydston, R. A. and Hang, A. 1995. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 9:669–675.Google Scholar
Brown, P. D. and Morra, M. J. 1997. Control of soil-borne plant pests using glucosinolate-containing plants. Adv. in Agron. 61:168–231.Google Scholar
Burgos, N. R. and Talbert, R. E. 1996. Weed control and sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa) response in no-till system with cover crops. Weed Sci. 44:355–361.Google Scholar
Burgos, N. R. and Talbert, R. E. 2000. Differential activity of allelochemicals from Secale cereale in seedling bioassays. Weed Sci. 48:302–310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charron, C. S., Saxton, A. M., and Sams, C. E. 2005. Relationship of climate and genotype to seasonal variation in the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, I: glucosinolate content in ten cultivars of Brassica oleracea grown in fall and spring seasons. J. Sci. Food Agric. 85:671–681.Google Scholar
Cheam, A. H. 1986. Seed production and seed dormancy in wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) and some possibilities for improving control. Weed Res. 26:405–413.Google Scholar
Chew, F. S. 1988. Biological effects of glucosinolates. Pages 155–181. in Cutler, H. G. Biologically Active Natural Products: Potential Use in Agriculture. Washington, DC American Chemical Society.Google Scholar
Cole, R. A. 1976. Isothiocyanates, nitriles, and thiocyanates as products of autolysis of glucosinolates in cruciferea. Phytochem. 15:759–762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haramoto, E. R. and Gallandt, E. R. 2005. Brassica cover cropping, I: effects on weed and crop establishment. Weed Sci. 53:695–701.Google Scholar
Ju, H. Y., Chong, C., Bible, B. B., and Mullin, W. J. 1980. Seasonal variation in glucosinolate composition of rutabaga and turnip. Can. J. Plant Sci. 60:1295–1302.Google Scholar
Kirkegaard, J. A. and Sarwar, M. 1998. Biofumigation potential of brassicas, I: variation in glucosinolate profiles of diverse field-grown brassicas. Plant Soil. 201:71–89.Google Scholar
Sarwar, M., Kirkegaard, J. A., Wong, P. T. W., and Desmarchelier, J. M. 1998. Biofumigation potential of brassicas, III: in vitro toxicity of isothiocyanates to soil-borne fungal pathogens. Plant Soil. 201:103–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liebl, R. A., Simmons, F. W., Wax, L. M., and Stoller, E. W. 1992. Effect of rye (Secale cereale) mulch on weed control and soil moisture in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Technol. 6:838–846.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. 2003. Allelopathic potential of wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Weed Technol. 17:307–313.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K., Malik, M. S., Jha, P., and Riley, M. B. 2007. Suppression of Digitaria sanguinalis and Amaranthus palmeri using autumn-sown glucosinolate-producing cover crops in organically grown bell pepper. Weed Res. 47:425–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Meehan, J. T. IV. 2005a. Herbicidal activity of eight isothiocyanates on Texas Panicum (Panicum texanum), large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis), and sicklepod (Senna obtusifolia). Weed Sci. 53:515–520.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Meehan, J. T. IV. 2005b. Use of isothiocyanates for suppression of Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri), pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunosa), and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus). Weed Sci. 53:884–890.Google Scholar
Peterson, J., Belz, R., Walker, F., and Hurle, K. 2001. Weed Suppression by release of isothiocyanates from turnip–rape mulch. Agron. J. 93:37–43.Google Scholar
Rice, E. L. 1995. Biological Control of Weeds and Plant Diseases: Advances in Applied Allelopathy. Norman, OK University of Oklahoma Press. 439.Google Scholar
Rogasik, J., Smukalski, M., and Obenauf, S. 1992. Cover crops on sandland in Germany: husbandry and fate of nitrogen. Asp. Appl. Biol. 30:309–316.Google Scholar
Schroeder, J. 1989. Wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum) control in soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Weed Sci. 37:112–116.Google Scholar
Singh, H. P., Batish, D. R., and Kohli, R. K. 2006. Handbook of Sustainable Weed Management. Binghamton, NY Haworth. 79.Google Scholar
Smolinska, U., Knudsen, G. R., Morra, M. J., and Borek, V. 1997. Inhibition of Aphanomyces euteiches f. sp. pisi by volatiles produced by hydrolysis of Brassica napus seed meal. Pl. Dis. 81:288–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sojka, R. E., Karlen, D. E., and Busscher, W. J. 1991. A conservation tillage update from the Coastal Plain Soil and Water Conservation Research Center of South Carolina: a review of previous research. Soil Tillage Res. 21:361–376.Google Scholar
Stivers-Young, L. 1998. Growth, nitrogen accumulation, and weed suppression by fall cover crops following early harvest of vegetables. Hortic. Sci. 33:60–63.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. 1996. Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems. J. Prod. Agric. 9:475–479.Google Scholar
[USDA-NRCS] US Department of Agriculture–National Resource Conservation Service 2007. Plant Profile for Wild Radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.). http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch Accessed: November 29, 2007.Google Scholar
Vaughn, S. F. and Boydston, R. A. 1997. Volatile allelochemicals released by crucifer green manures. J. Chem. Ecol. 23:2107–2115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vaughn, S. F., Palmquist, D. E., and Duval, S. M. 2006. Herbicidal activity of glucosinolate-containing seedmeals. Weed Sci. 54:743–748.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. W. and Bellinder, R. R. 1992. Alternative tillage and herbicide options for successful weed control in vegetables. Hortic. Sci. 27:745–749.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. and MacDonald, G. E. 2001. A survey of weeds in various crops in Georgia. Weed Technol. 15:771–790.Google Scholar