Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T02:12:18.878Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Seed Germination Ecology of Junglerice (Echinochloa colona): A Major Weed of Rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bhagirath S. Chauhan  and
David E. Johnson
Bhagirath S. Chauhan*
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
David E. Johnson
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: b.chauhan@cgiar.org
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Junglerice is one of the most serious grass weeds of rice in the tropics. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory and screenhouse to determine the influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of junglerice in the Philippines. In the laboratory, germination was stimulated by light, suggesting that seeds of this species are positively photoblastic. The tested temperatures (35/25, 30/20, and 25/15 C alternating day/night temperatures), however, did not influence germination. Germination in the laboratory was not affected by a soil pH range of 4 to 9, but was decreased by salinity (> 50 mM NaCl) and moisture stress (< −0.2 MPa osmotic potential). In the screenhouse, germination of junglerice was greatest (97%) for seeds at the soil surface, but emergence declined exponentially with increasing seed burial depth, and no seedlings emerged from seeds buried at 6 cm. In pots, seedling emergence declined markedly with the addition of rice residue to the soil surface at rates equivalent to 4 to 6 tonnes (t) ha−1. As germination of junglerice was strongly stimulated by light, and seedling emergence was optimal at shallow burial depths, this species is likely to be problematic in reduced tillage systems.

Keywords

Junglerice, Echinochloa colona (L.) Link ECHCOrice, Oryza sativa L.Burial depthemergencegerminationlightresiduetemperature
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 235 - 240
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Azmi, M., Chin, D. V., Vongsaroj, P., and Johnson, D. E. 2005. Emerging issues in weed management of direct-seeded rice in Malaysia, Vietnam, and Thailand. Pages 196–198. In Toriyama, K., Heong, K. L., and Hardy, B. Rice is Life: Scientific Perspectives for the 21st Century. Los Baños, Philippines. International Rice Research Institute and Tsukuba, Japan: International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (available on CD).Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. and Macchia, M. 1995. Hypoxia effect on buried weed seed germination. Weed Res. 35:343–351.Google Scholar
Benvenuti, S. and Macchia, M. 1998. Phytochrome mediated germination control of Datura stramonium L. seeds. Weed Res. 38:199–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, N. S. and Van Acker, R. C. 2004. Seed germination of common weed species as affected by oxygen concentration, light, and osmotic potential. Weed Sci. 52:589–596.Google Scholar
Buhler, D. D., Mester, T. C., and Kohler, K. A. 1996. The effect of maize residues and tillage on emergence of Setaria faberi, Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Chenopodium album. Weed Res. 36:153–165.Google Scholar
Chachalis, D. and Reddy, K. N. 2000. Factors affecting Campsis radicans seed germination and seedling emergence. Weed Sci. 48:212–216.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2008a. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of eclipta (Eclipta prostrata) in a tropical environment. Weed Sci. 56:383–388.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2008b. Germination ecology of goosegrass (Eleusine indica): an important grass weed of rainfed rice. Weed Sci. 56:699–706.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S. and Johnson, D. E. 2008c. Seed germination and seedling emergence of giant sensitiveplant (Mimosa invisa). Weed Sci. 56:244–248.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, B. S., Gill, G., and Preston, C. 2006a. Influence of tillage systems on vertical distribution, seedling recruitment and persistence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seed bank. Weed Sci. 54:669–676.Google Scholar
Chauhan, B. S., Gill, G., and Preston, C. 2006b. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of rigid ryegrass (Lolium rigidum). Weed Sci. 54:1004–1012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chauhan, B. S., Gill, G., and Preston, C. 2006c. Influence of environmental factors on seed germination and seedling emergence of Oriental mustard (Sisymbrium orientale). Weed Sci. 54:1025–1031.Google Scholar
Chul, K. S. and Moody, K. 1989. Germination and seedling development of rice and Echinochloa species. Korean J. Weed Sci. 9:108–115.Google Scholar
Cook, L. 1939. A contribution to our information on grass burning. S. Afr. J. Sci. 36:270–282.Google Scholar
Cousens, R. 1988. Misinterpretations of results in weed research through inappropriate use of statistics. Weed Res. 28:281–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dawson, J. H. and Bruns, V. F. 1962. Emergence of barnyardgrass, green foxtail and yellow foxtail seedlings from various soil depths. Weeds. 10:136–139.Google Scholar
Dyer, W. E. 1995. Exploiting weed seed dormancy and germination requirements through agronomic practices. Weed Sci. 43:498–503.Google Scholar
Egley, G. H. 1986. Stimulation of weed seed germination in soil. Rev. Weed Sci. 2:67–89.Google Scholar
Gupta, R. K., Ladha, J. K., Singh, S., et al. 2006. Production Technology for Direct Seeded Rice. New Delhi, India Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Rice-Wheat Consortium Technical Bulletin 8. 16.Google Scholar
Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1991. The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Malabar, FL The University Press of Hawaii. 609.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. E. and Kent, R. J. 2002. The impact of cropping on weed species composition in rice after fallow across a hydrological gradient in West Africa. Weed Res. 42:89–99.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. E. and Mortimer, A. M. 2005. Issues for integrated weed management and decision support in direct-seeded rice. Pages 211–214. in. Rice is Life: Scientific Perspectives for the 21st Century. Los Baños, Philippines. International Rice Research Institute and Tsukuba, Japan: International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (available on CD).Google Scholar
Malik, N. and Vanden Born, W. H. 1987. Germination response of Galium spurium L. to light. Weed Res. 27:251–258.Google Scholar
Maun, M. A. and Barrett, S. C. H. 1986. The biology of Canadian weeds. 77. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. Can. J. Plant Sci. 66:739–759.Google Scholar
Mercado, B. L. and Talatala, R. L. 1977. Competitive ability of Echinochloa colonum L. against direct-seeded lowland rice. Pages 161–165. in. Proceedings of the Sixth Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference. Jakarta, Indonesia Indonesia Asia-Pacific Weed Science Society.Google Scholar
Michel, B. E. 1983. Evaluation of the water potentials of solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 both in the absence and presence of other solutes. Plant Physiol. 72:66–70.Google Scholar
Milberg, P., Andersson, L., and Noronha, A. 1996. Seed germination after short duration light exposure: implications for the photo-control of weeds. J. Appl. Ecol. 33:1469–1478.Google Scholar
Pandey, S. and Velasco, L. 2005. Trends in crop establishment methods in Asia and research issues. Pages 178–181. In Toriyama, K., Heong, K. L., and Hardy, B. Rice is Life: Scientific Perspectives for the 21st Century. Los Baños, Philippines. International Rice Research Institute and Tsukuba, Japan: International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (available on CD).Google Scholar
Pane, H., Noor, E. S., Jatmiko, S. Y., Johnson, D. E., and Mortimer, M. 2005. Weed communities of gogorancah and walik jerami rice in Indonesia and reflections on management. Pages 533–538. in. Proceedings of the BCPC International Congress on Crop Science and Technology. Glasgow, Scotland, UK. The British Crop Protection Council.Google Scholar
Ramakrishnan, P. S. and Khosla, A. K. 1971. Seed dormancy in Digitaria adscendens (H.B.K.) Henr. and Echinochloa colona Link. with particular reference to covering structures. Trop. Ecol. 12:112–122.Google Scholar
Rao, A. N., Johnson, D. E., Sivaprasad, B., Ladha, J. K., and Mortimer, A. M. 2007. Weed management in direct-seeded rice. Adv. Agron. 93:153–255.Google Scholar
Roder, W., Phengchanh, S., and Keoboulapha, B. 1997. Weeds in slash-and-burn rice fields in northern Laos. Weed Res. 37:111–119.Google Scholar
RWC-CIMMYT 2003. Addressing Resource Conservation Issues in Rice-Wheat Systems of South Asia: A Resource Book. New Delhi, India Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains—International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center. 305.Google Scholar
Sanchez, P. A. 1976a. Soil management in shifting cultivation areas. Pages 346–412. in. Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. Raleigh, NC. John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Sanchez, P. A. 1976b. Soil management in rice cultivation systems. Pages 413–477. in. Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. Raleigh, NC. John Wiley and Sons.Google Scholar
Tanji, K. K. and Kielen, N. C. 2002. Agricultural Drainage Water Management in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 61. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (available at ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/y4263e/y4263e11.pdf). 202.Google Scholar
Taylor, G. B. 2005. Hardseededness in Mediterranean annual pasture legumes in Australia. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 56:645–661.Google Scholar
Teasdale, J. R. 1996. Contribution of cover crops to weed management in sustainable agricultural systems. J. Prod. Agric. 9:475–479.Google Scholar
Teuton, T. C., Brecke, B. J., Unruh, J. B., MacDonald, G. E., Miller, G. L., and Ducar, J. T. 2004. Factors affecting seed germination of tropical signalgrass (Urochloa subquadripara). Weed Sci. 52:376–381.Google Scholar
Woolley, J. T. and Stoller, E. 1978. Light penetration and light-induced seed germination in soil. Plant Physiol. 61:597–600.Google Scholar