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Resistance to Propanil in Ricefield Bulrush (Schoenoplectus mucronatus) Is Conferred by a psbA Mutation, Val219 to Ile

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Rafael M. Pedroso ,
Kassim Al-Khatib ,
Ibrahim Abdallah ,
Rocio Alarcón-Reverte  and
Albert J. Fischer
Rafael M. Pedroso*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Kassim Al-Khatib
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Ibrahim Abdallah
Affiliation:
Department of Economic Entomology and Pesticides, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Giza, Egypt
Rocio Alarcón-Reverte
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
Albert J. Fischer
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: rmpedroso@ucdavis.edu
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Abstract

Determining the mechanisms of herbicide resistance in weeds allows for the development and implementation of applied management practices aimed to control and to prevent further spread of herbicide-resistant populations in crop fields. This research was conducted to determine propanil resistance and cross-resistance to other photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors in ricefield bulrush biotypes and to elucidate the mechanism of propanil resistance. To this end, propanil-resistant (R) and propanil-susceptible (S) biotypes were selected from field-collected populations after propanil spraying at the field rate, and whole-plant, dose–response experiments were conducted to evaluate cross-resistance to PSII inhibitors and interactions between propanil and the insecticides malathion and carbaryl. In addition, the psbA gene from R and S biotypes was sequenced for amino acid alterations following polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Plant survival data indicated the R biotype displayed a 14-fold increase in propanil resistance relative to the susceptible (S) biotype. In addition, the propanil-R biotype also had increased resistance to the PSII-inhibitors bromoxynil, diuron, and metribuzin but was more susceptible to bentazon than were propanil-S plants. Synergism between propanil and the insecticides carbaryl and malathion was greater in the S biotype than it was in the R biotype, indicating that, unlike propanil resistance in weedy grasses, enhanced degradation of the herbicide molecule is not a mechanism of resistance for propanil in ricefield bulrush. A Val219 to Ile substitution in the propanil-R chloroplast D1 protein was identified following sequencing of the psbA gene. This research suggests a single-point mutation at the target site causes resistance to propanil, diuron, metribuzin, and bromoxynil but increasing susceptibility to bentazon in propanil-R ricefield bulrush, a novel Val219–Ile feature. To our knowledge, this is the first instance of propanil resistance in weeds because of a mechanism other than enhanced herbicide metabolism. Tank-mixing bentazon and propanil, where permitted, can control both propanil-R and propanil-S biotypes.

Keywords

Bentazonbromoxynilcarbaryldiuronmalathionmetribuzinpropanilricefield bulrush, Schoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Palla SCPMUBentazoncarbarylherbicide resistancemalathionOryza sativa L.propanilpsbA genericericefield bulrushSchoenoplectus mucronatus (L.) Pallasmallflower umbrella sedge
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 562 - 569
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Associate editor for this paper: Franck E. Dayan, USDA-ARS.

References

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