Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-8mjnm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T01:55:03.359Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Identification and characterization of pitted morningglory (Ipomoea lacunose) ecotypes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Lawrence R. Oliver
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Nilda R. Burgos
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
Edward E. Gbur Jr.
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Statistics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701

Abstract

Pitted morningglory is an adaptable species with an indigenous range encompassing the southern Midwest and southeast United States. In 2000 through 2002, 64 pitted morningglory accessions from 11 states were grown in Fayetteville, AR, to compare their morphology in a common environment to document potential morphological variation and to determine whether variation proves the existence of pitted morningglory morphological ecotypes. Accessions were evaluated for leaf size and vine length 8 wk after emergence (WAE), date of flower initiation, flower color, leaf pubescence 12 WAE, capsule and sepal pubescence, sepal length and width, plant weight, and seed number at physiological maturity. Morphological variables were standardized and analyzed with cluster analysis to differentiate the morphological variation among accessions. Documented variation was best described by eight clusters. Four clusters distinguished themselves morphologically. Accessions within these distinct clusters were originally from Arkansas, Delaware, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Missouri and were documented with leaf size, vine length, and day of flower initiation generally increasing with decreasing latitude. The other four clusters were nondistinct because most variables differed very little, but characteristics such as capsule pubescence separated these clusters. Accessions within these nondistinct clusters originated from Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Tennessee. Leaf shapes of arrow, heart, an arrow and heart mixture, and heart with pointed projections and white or purple flower colors were documented. Documented differences indicate the existence of pitted morningglory morphological ecotypes.

Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Barker, M. A., Thompson, L. Jr., and Godley, F. M. 1984. Control of annual morningglories (Ipomoea spp.) in soybeans (Glycine max). Weed Sci 32:813818.Google Scholar
Cardina, J. and Brecke, B. J. 1989. Growth and development of Florida beggarweed (Desmodium tortuosum) selections. Weed Sci 37:207210.Google Scholar
Cahoon, J., Ferguson, J., Edwards, D., and Tucker, P. 1990. A microcomputer-based irrigation scheduler for the humid mid-south region. Appl. Eng. Agric 6:289295.Google Scholar
Chandler, J. M., Gomes, L. F., and Vaughn, C. E. 1978. Aspects of germination, emergence, and seed production of three Ipomoea taxa . Weed Sci 26:248248.Google Scholar
Crowley, R. H. and Buchanan, G. A. 1978. Competition of four morningglory (Ipomoea spp.) species with cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Weed Sci 26:484488.Google Scholar
Crowley, R. H. and Buchanan, G. A. 1982. Variations in seed production and the response to pests of morningglory (Ipomoea) species and smallflower morningglory (Jacquemontia tamnifolia). Weed Sci 30:187190.Google Scholar
Elmore, C. D. 1986. Mode of reproduction and inheritance of leaf shape in Ipomoea hederacea . Weed Sci 34:391395.Google Scholar
Elmore, C. D., Hurst, H. R., and Austin, D. F. 1990. Biology and control of morningglories (Ipomoea spp). Rev. Weed Sci 5:83114.Google Scholar
Elmore, C. D., Wiseman, J. B., and McDaniel, S. 1982. Morningglory survey of cotton and soybean fields in the Mississippi Delta: 1981. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 35:319328.Google Scholar
Fernald, M. L. 1950. Grays Manual of Botany. 8th (Centennial) ed. Illustrated. New York: American Book Company. Pp. 11791180.Google Scholar
Gomes, L. F., Chandler, J. M., and Vaughan, C. E. 1978. Aspects of germination, emergence, and seed production of three Ipomoea taxa. Weed Sci 26:245248.Google Scholar
Howe, O. W. III and Oliver, L. R. 1987. Influence of soybean (Glycine max) row spacing on pitted morningglory interference. Weed Sci 35:185193.Google Scholar
Klingaman, T. E. and Oliver, L. R. 1996. Existence of ecotypes among populations of entireleaf morningglory (Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula). Weed Sci 44:540544.Google Scholar
Krzanowski, W. J. and Marriott, F. H. C. 1995. Multivariate Analysis. Part 2: Classification, Covariance Structures and Repeated Measurements. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Kurokawa, S., Shimizu, N., Uozumi, S., and Yoshimura, Y. 2003. Intra-specific variation in morphological characteristics and growth habit of newly and accidentally introduced velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) into Japan. Weed Biol. Manag 3:2836.Google Scholar
Mathis, D. W. 1977. Comparative competition and control of selected morningglory species in soybean. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Arkansas. 92 p.Google Scholar
MacQueen, J. 1967. Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. Proc. 5th Berkeley Symposium 1:281297. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Norris, R. F. 1996. Morphological and phenological variation in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in California. Weed Sci 44:804814.Google Scholar
Norsworthy, J. K. and Oliver, L. R. 2002. Pitted morningglory interference in drill-seeded glyphosate-resistant soybean. Weed Sci 50:2633.Google Scholar
Odum, E. P. 1971. Fundamentals in Ecology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 574 p.Google Scholar
Radford, A. E., Ahles, H. E., and Bell, C. R. 1968. Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas. Chapel Hill, NC: The University of North Carolina Press. Pp. 684868.Google Scholar
Ransom, C. V., Kells, J. J., Wax, L. M., and Orfanedes, M. S. 1998. Morphological variation among hemp dogbane (Apocynum cannabinum) populations. Weed Sci 46:7175.Google Scholar
Senseman, S. A. and Oliver, L. R. 1993. Flowering patterns, seed production, and somatic polymorphism of three weed species. Weed Sci 41:418425.Google Scholar
Steyermark, J. A. 1968. Flora of Missouri. Ames, IA: The Iowa State University Press. 1217 p.Google Scholar
Sultan, S. E. 1987. Evolutionary implications of phenotypic plasticity in plants. Evol. Biol 21:127178.Google Scholar
[SWSS] Southern Weed Science Society. 1998. Weed Identification Guide. Champaign, IL: Southern Weed Science Society.Google Scholar
Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. 1998. The control of flowering. In Plant Physiology, 2nd ed. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.Google Scholar
Uva, R. H., Neal, J. C., and DiTomaso, J. M. 1997. Weeds of the Northeast: Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Pp. 214217.Google Scholar
Wassom, J. J., Tranel, P. J., and Wax, L. M. 2002. Variation among U.S. accessions of common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium). Weed Technol 16:171179.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. 2001. Weed survey-southern states: broadleaf crops subsection. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc 54:244259.Google Scholar
Webster, T. M. and Coble, H. D. 1997. Changes in the weed species composition of the southern United States: 1974 to 1995. Weed Technol 11:308317.Google Scholar
Vencill, W. K. 2002. in Vencill, W. K., ed. Herbicide Handbook, 8th ed. Lawrence, KS: Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Pp. 457462.Google Scholar