Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T02:44:47.834Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evaluating Seed Shatter of Economically Important Weed Species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Nikki R. Burton ,
Hugh J. Beckie ,
Christian J. Willenborg ,
Steven J. Shirtliffe ,
Jeff J. Schoenau  and
Eric N. Johnson
Nikki R. Burton
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
Hugh J. Beckie*
Affiliation:
Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research & Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
Christian J. Willenborg
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
Steven J. Shirtliffe*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
Jeff J. Schoenau
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
Eric N. Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5A8, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: hugh.beckie@agr.gc.ca
Corresponding author's E-mail: hugh.beckie@agr.gc.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The increasing occurrence of herbicide resistance, along with no new herbicide modes of action developed in over 30 yr, have increased the need for nonherbicidal weed management strategies and tactics. Harvest weed seed control (HWSC) practices have been successfully adopted in Australia to manage problematic weeds. For HWSC to be effective, a high proportion of weed seeds must be retained on the plant at crop maturity. This 2-yr (2014, 2015) study evaluated seed shatter of wild oat, green foxtail, wild mustard, and cleavers in both an early (field pea) and late (spring wheat) maturity crop in field experiments at Scott, Saskatchewan. Seed shatter was assessed using shatter trays collected once a week during crop ripening stage, as well as at two crop maturation or harvest stages (swathing, direct-combining). Seed shatter differed among weed species, but was similar between crops at maturity: ca. 30% for wild oat, 5% for cleavers, < 2% for wild mustard, and < 1% for green foxtail. Overall, seed shatter of wild oat occurred sooner and at greater levels during the growing season compared with the other weed species. Viability of both shattered and plant-retained seeds was relatively high for all species. The small amount of seed shatter of cleavers, wild mustard, and green foxtail suggests that these species may be suitable candidates for HWSC. Due to the amount and timing of wild oat seed shatter, HWSC may not reduce population abundance of this grassy weed.

Keywords

Cleavers, Galium spp. (false cleavers, G. spurium L. GALSPand catchweed bedstraw, G. aparine L. GALAP)green foxtail, Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. SETVIwild mustard, Sinapis arvensis L. SINARwild oat, Avena fatua L. AVEFAfield pea, Pisum sativum L.spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L.Harvest weed seed controlherbicide resistanceintegrated weed managementweed seed retentionweed seed shatter
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 64 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 673 - 682
Copyright
Copyright © 2016 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Chris Preston, University of Adelaide.

References

Literature Cited

Baker, HG (1965) Characters and modes of origin of weeds. Pages 673–682 in Baker, HG, Stebbins, GL, eds. The Genetics of Colonizing Species. New York: Academic Press Google Scholar
Barroso, J, Navarrete, L, Sanchez del Arco, MJ, Fernandez-Quintanilla, C, Lutman, PJW, Perry, NH, Hull, RI (2006) Dispersal of Avena fatua and Avena sterilis patches by natural dissemination, soil tillage and combine harvesters Weed Res 46:118–128 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Francis, A, Hall, LM (2012) The biology of Canadian weeds. 27. Avena fatua L. (updated). Can J Plant Sci 92:1329–1357 Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, Lozinski, C, Shirriff, S, Brenzil, CA (2013) Herbicide-resistant weeds in the Canadian Prairies: 2007 to 2011 Weed Technol 27:171–183 Google Scholar
Belles, DS, Thill, DC, Shafii, B (2000) PP-604 rate and Avena fatua density effects on seed production and viability in Hordeum vulgare Weed Sci 48:378–384 Google Scholar
Douglas, BJ, Thomas, AG, Morrison, IN, Maw, MG (1985) The biology of Canadian weeds. 70. Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. Can J Plant Sci 65:669–690 Google Scholar
Feldman, M, Reed, WB (1974) Distribution of wild oat seeds during cereal crop swathing and combining. Pages 1–10 in Proc 1974 Ann Mtg Can Soc Agric Eng. Sainte-Foy, Quebec CityGoogle Scholar
Forcella, F, Peterson, DH, Barbour, JC (1996) Timing and measurement of weed seed shed in corn (Zea mays). Weed Technol 10:535–543 Google Scholar
Fuller, L (2010) Chernozemic soils of the prairie region of western Canada Prairie Soils Crops J 3:37–45 Google Scholar
Gan, Y, Malhi, SS, Brandt, SA, McDonald, CL (2008) Assessment of seed shattering resistance and yield loss in five oilseed crops Can J Plant Sci 88:267–270 Google Scholar
Harker, KN, Blackshaw, RE, Clayton, GW (2001). Timing of weed removal in field pea (Pisum sativum). Weed Technol 15:277–283 Google Scholar
Harker, KN, Blackshaw, RE, Clayton, GW (2007) Wild oat (Avena fatua) vs. redstem filaree (Erodium cicutarium) interference in dry pea. Weed Technol 21:235–240 Google Scholar
Kvalseth, TO (1985) Cautionary note about R 2 Am Stat 39:279–285 Google Scholar
Leeson, JY (2016) Saskatchewan Weed Survey of Cereal, Oilseed and Pulse Crops in 2014 and 2015. Weed Survey Series Publ. 16-1. Saskatoon, SK: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 356 pGoogle Scholar
Leeson, JY, Thomas, AG, Brenzil, CA (2003) Saskatchewan Weed Survey of Cereal, Oilseed and Pulse Crops in 2003. Weed Survey Series Publ. 03-1. Saskatoon, SK: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 342 pGoogle Scholar
Leeson, JY, Thomas, AG, Hall, LM, Brenzil, CA, Andrews, TA, Brown, KR, Van Acker, RC (2005) Prairie Weed Surveys of Cereal, Oilseed and Pulse Crops from the 1970s to 2000s. Weed Survey Series Publ. 05-1. Saskatoon, SK: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 395 pGoogle Scholar
Malik, N, Vanden Born, WH (1987) Growth and development of false cleavers (Galium spurium L.) Weed Sci 35:490–495 Google Scholar
Malik, N, Vanden Born, WH (1988) The biology of Canadian weeds. 86. Galium aparine L. and Galium spurium L. Can J Plant Sci 68:481–499 Google Scholar
Metz, R (1969) Causes of the increasing spread of wild oats (Avena fatua) and some field hygiene measures for destroying or eliminating wild oat seeds NachBL dt PflSchutzdienst Berl 24:85–88 Google Scholar
Mulligan, GA, Bailey, LG (1975) The biology of Canadian weeds: Sinapis arvensis L Can J Plant Sci 55:171–183 Google Scholar
Rolston, MP (1981) Wild oats in New Zealand: a review N Z J Exp Agric 9:115–121 Google Scholar
Sarangi, D, Irmak, S, Lindquist, JL, Knezevic, SZ, Jhala, AJ (2015) Effect of water stress on the growth and fecundity of common waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis). Weed Sci 64:42–52 Google Scholar
SAS Institute (2013) SAS/STAT User's Guide Version 13.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute. 9480 pGoogle Scholar
Sawma, JT, Mohler, CL (2002) Evaluating seed viability by an unimbibed seed crush test in comparison with the tetrazolium test Weed Technol 16:781–786 Google Scholar
Seefeldt, SS, Jensen, JE, Fuerst, EP (1995) Log-logistic analysis of herbicide dose response relationships Weed Technol 9:218–227 Google Scholar
Shirtliffe, SJ, Entz, MH, Van Acker, RC (2000) Avena fatua and seed shatter as related to thermal time. Weed Sci 48:555–560 Google Scholar
Shivrain, VK, Burgos, NR, Agrama, HA, Lawton-Raug, H, Lu, B, Sales, MA, Boyett, V, Gealy, DR, Moldenhauer, KAK (2010) Genetic diversity of weedy red rice (Oryza sativa) in Arkansas, USA Weed Res 50:289–302 Google Scholar
Thill, DC, Mallory-Smith, CA (1997) The nature and consequence of weed spread in cropping systems Weed Sci 45:337–342 Google Scholar
Van Acker, RC (2009) Weed biology serves practical weed management Weed Res 49:1–5 Google Scholar
Van Acker, RC, Oree, R (1999) Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and wild mustard (Brassica kaber (D.C.) L.C. Wheeler interference in canola (Brassica napus). Weed Sci Soc Amer Abstr 39:10 Google Scholar
Van Wychen, LR, Maxwell, BD, Bussan, AJ, Miller, PR, Luschei, EC (2004) Wild oat (Avena fatua) habitat and water use in cereal grain cropping systems Weed Sci 52:352–358 Google Scholar
Vanden Born, WH (1971) Green foxtail; seed dormancy, germination and growth Can J Plant Sci 51:53–59 Google Scholar
Wall, DA (1993) Comparison of green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and wild oat (Avena fatua) growth, development, and competitiveness under three temperature regimes Weed Sci 41:369–378 Google Scholar
Walsh, M, Newman, P, Powles, S (2013) Targeting weed seed incrop: a new weed control paradigm for global agriculture Weed Technol 27:431–436 Google Scholar
Walsh, MJ, Powles, SB (2014) High seed retention at maturity of annual weeds infesting crop fields highlights the potential for harvest weed seed control Weed Technol 28:486–493 Google Scholar
Warwick, SI, Beckie, HJ, Thomas, AG, McDonald, T (2000) The biology of Canadian weeds. 8 Sinapis arvensis L. (updated). Can J Plant Sci 80:939–961 Google Scholar
Wille, MJ, Thill, DC, Price, WJ (1998) Wild oat (Avena fatua) seed production in spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) is affected by the interaction of wild oat density and herbicide rate Weed Sci 46:336–343 Google Scholar
Willenborg, CJ, May, WE, Gulden, RH, Lafond, GP, Shirtliffe, SJ (2005) Influence of wild oat (Avena fatua) time of emergence and density on cultivated oat yield, wild oat seed production, and wild oat contamination Weed Sci 53:342–352 Google Scholar
Wilson, BJ (1970) Studies on the shedding of seed of Avena fatua in various cereal crops and the presence of the seed in the harvested matter. Pages 831–836 in Proceedings of the 10th Brighton Weed Control Conference. Croydon, UK: British Crop Protection Council Google Scholar
Wilson, BJ, Cussans, G (1975) A study on the population dynamics of Avena fatua L as influenced by straw burning, seed shedding and cultivations. Weed Res 15:249–258 Google Scholar
Yang, R-C (2010) Towards understanding and use of mixed-model analysis of agricultural experiments Can J Plant Sci 90:605–627 Google Scholar
Zimdahl, RL (1999) Fundamentals of Weed Science. 2nd edn. New York: Academic Press Google Scholar