Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T06:28:35.443Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of Harvest Timing on Dormancy Induction in Canola Seeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Teketel A. Haile  and
Steven J. Shirtliffe
Teketel A. Haile
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
Steven J. Shirtliffe*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: steve.shirtliffe@usask.ca
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Seedbank persistence in canola seeds is related to their potential to develop secondary dormancy. This can result in volunteer weed problems many years after canola production. The potential to be induced into secondary dormancy is controlled by both the canola genetics and the environment of the mother plant. However, the effect of time of harvesting on secondary dormancy potential is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of harvest timing on potential to develop seed dormancy in canola. Six harvest samples were collected weekly from two canola genotypes (5440 and 5020) starting from 10 to 20% seed color change on the main stem until they were fully ripened. Freshly harvested seeds of 5440 and 5020 showed 13 and 16% primary dormancy at 32 and 33 d after flowering (DAF), respectively, but dormancy decreased with harvest timings and no dormancy was observed when seeds were fully mature (78 DAF). After dormancy induction, 10% of 5440 seeds were dormant at 32 DAF, but 94% of seeds were dormant at 78 DAF. Similarly, 70% of 5020 seeds were dormant at 33 DAF, but 90% of seeds were dormant at 68 DAF. Thus, seeds had lower potential to secondary dormancy at early development but have a high potential to secondary dormancy induction at full maturity. This study suggests that windrowing these canola genotypes at the recommended time (60% seed color change on the main stem) may reduce ability of the seed to develop secondary dormancy and thus reduce the persistence of seeds in the soil seedbank.

Keywords

Brassica napus L., canolaPrimary dormancysecondary dormancyseedbank persistencevolunteer canola
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 62 , Issue 3 , September 2014 , pp. 548 - 554
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Baskin, JM, and Baskin, CC (2004). A classification system for seed dormancy. Seed Sci Res 14:1–16.Google Scholar
Beckie, HJ, and Warwick, SI (2010). Persistence of an oilseed rape transgene in the environment. Crop Prot 29:509–512.Google Scholar
Bewley, JD (1997). Seed germination and dormancy. Plant Cell 9:1055–1066.Google Scholar
Canola Council of Canada. (2012). Canola growers manual. http://www.canolacouncil.org/crop-production/canola-grower's-manual-contents. Accessed April 7, 2012.Google Scholar
D'Hertefeldt, T, Jørgensen, RB, and Pettersson, LB (2008). Long-term persistence of GM oilseed rape in the seedbank. Biol Lett 4:314–317.Google Scholar
Environment Canada. (2012). National Climate Data and Information Archive, Canadian Climate Normals 1971 to 2000. http://climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_e.html?stnID=3328&lang=e&dCode=1&province=SASK&provBut=Search&month1=0&month2=12. Accessed September 12, 2012.Google Scholar
Fei, H, Ferhatoglu, Y, Tsang, E, Huang, D, and Cutler, AJ (2009). Metabolic and hormonal processes associated with the induction of secondary dormancy in Brassica napus seeds. Botany 87:585–596.Google Scholar
Fei, H, Tsang, E, and Cutler, AJ (2007). Gene expression during seed maturation in Brassica napus in relation to the induction of secondary dormancy. Genomics 89:419–428.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, RR (2010). The role of hormones during seed development and germination. Pages 549–573 in Davies, PJ, ed. Plant Hormones: Biosynthesis, Signal Transduction, Action. Ithaca, New York Springer.Google Scholar
Finkelstein, RR, Gampala, SSL, and Rock, CD (2002). Abscisic acid signaling in seeds and seedlings. Plant Cell 14:S15–S45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Finkelstein, RR, Tenbarge, KM, Shumway, JE, and Crouch, ML (1985). Role of ABA in maturation of rapeseed embryos. Plant Physiol 78:630–636.Google Scholar
Grabe, DF (1970). Tetrazolium testing handbook for agricultural seeds. Contribution no 29. The Tetrazolium Testing Committee of the Association of Official Seed Analysis. 62 p.Google Scholar
Gruber, S, Bühler, A, Möhring, J, and Claupein, W (2010). Sleepers in the soil—vertical distribution by tillage and long-term survival of oilseed rape seeds compared with plastic pellets. Eur J Agron 33:81–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruber, S, Emrich, K, and Claupein, W (2009). Classification of canola (Brassica napus) winter cultivars by secondary dormancy. Can J Plant Sci 89:613–619.Google Scholar
Gubler, F, Millar, AA, and Jacobsen, JV (2005). Dormancy release, ABA and pre-harvest sprouting. Curr Opin Plant Biol 8:183–187.Google Scholar
Gulden, RH, Chiwocha, S, Abrams, S, McGregor, I, Kermode, A, and Shirtliffe, S (2004b). Response to abscisic acid application and hormone profiles in spring Brassica napus seed in relation to secondary dormancy. Can J Bot 82:1618–1624.Google Scholar
Gulden, RH, Shirtliffe, SJ, and Thomas, AG (2003). Secondary seed dormancy prolongs persistence of volunteer canola in western Canada. Weed Sci 51:904–913.Google Scholar
Gulden, RH, Thomas, AG, and Shirtliffe, SJ (2004a). Relative contribution of genotype, seed size and environment to secondary seed dormancy potential in Canadian spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Weed Res 44:97–106.Google Scholar
Haile, TA, Holzapfel, CB, and Shirtliffe, SJ (2014). Canola genotypes and harvest methods affect seedbank addition. Agron J 106:236–242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juricic, S, Orlando, S, and Page-Degivry, MTL (1995). Genetic and ontogenic changes in sensitivity to abscisic acid in Brassica napus seeds. Plant Physiol Biochem 33:593–598.Google Scholar
Kermode, AR (2005). Role of abscisic acid in seed dormancy. J Plant Growth Regul 24:319–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, RW (1976). Abscisic acid in developing wheat grains and its relationship to grain growth and maturation. Planta 132:43–51.Google Scholar
Leung, J, and Giraudat, J (1998). Abscisic acid signal transduction. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 49:199–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lindquist, JL, Mortensen, DA, Clay, SA, Schmenk, R, Kells, JJ, Howatt, K, and Westra, P (1996). Stability of corn (Zea mays)—velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) interference relationships. Weed Sci 44:309–313.Google Scholar
López-Granados, F, and Lutman, PJW (1998). Effect of environmental conditions on the dormancy and germination of volunteer oilseed rape seed (Brassica napus). Weed Sci 46:419–423.Google Scholar
Lutman, PJW (1993). The occurrence and persistence of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus). Asp Appl Biol 35:29–36.Google Scholar
Lutman, PJW, Freeman, SE, and Pekrun, C (2003). The long-term persistence of seeds of oilseed rape (Brassica napus) in arable fields. J Agric Sci 141:231–240.Google Scholar
McWha, JA (1975). Changes in abscisic acid levels in developing grains of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Exp Bot 26:823–827.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Momoh, EJJ, Zhou, WJ, and Kristiansson, B (2002). Variation in the development of secondary dormancy in oilseed rape genotypes under conditions of stress. Weed Res 42:446–455.Google Scholar
Nambara, E, Okamoto, M, Tatematsu, K, Yano, R, Seo, M, and Kamiya, Y (2010). Abscisic acid and the control of seed dormancy and germination. Seed Sci Res 20:55–67.Google Scholar
Parcy, F, Valon, C, Raynal, M, Gaubier-Comella, P, Delseny, M and Girauda, J (1994). Regulation of gene expression programs during Arabidopsis seed development: Roles of the AB13 locus and of endogenous abscisic acid. Plant Cell 6:1567–1582.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C, Hewitt, JDJ, and Lutman, PJW (1998). Cultural control of volunteer oilseed rape (Brassica napus). J Agric Sci (Cambridge) 130:155–163.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C, Lutman, PJW, and Baeumer, K (1997a). Induction of secondary dormancy in rape seeds (Brassica napus L.) by prolonged imbibition under conditions of water stress or oxygen deficiency in darkness. Eur J Agron 6:245–255.Google Scholar
Pekrun, C, Lutman, PJW, and Baeumer, K (1997b). Germination behaviour of dormant oilseed rape seeds in relation to temperature. Weed Res 37:419–431.Google Scholar
Pessel, FD, Lecomte, J, Emeriau, V, Krouti, M, Messean, A, and Gouyon, PH (2001). Persistence of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) outside of cultivated fields. Theor Appl Genet 102:841–846.Google Scholar
Prevost, I, and Le Page-Degivry, MT (1985). Inverse correlation between ABA content and germinability throughout the maturation and the in vitro culture of the embryo of Phaseolus vulgaris . J Exp Bot 36:1457–1464.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team. (2007). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Austria R Foundation for Statistical Computing. http://www.R-project.org.Google Scholar
Simard, MJ, Legere, A, Pageau, D, Lajeunesse, J, and Warwick, S (2002). The frequency and persistence of volunteer canola (Brassica napus) in Quebec cropping systems. Weed Technol 16:433–439.Google Scholar
Thöle, H, and Dietz-Pfeilstetter, A (2012). Marker-Assisted Identification of Oilseed Rape Volunteers in Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Fields. http://pub.jki.bund.de/index.php/JKA/article/view/1753. Accessed October 12, 2012.Google Scholar
Walker-Simmons, M (1987). ABA levels and sensitivity in developing wheat embryos of sprouting resistant and susceptible cultivars. Plant Physiol 84:61–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed