Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-nwzlb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-29T11:16:51.430Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Distribution of Imported Glyphosate in Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) Rhizomes in Relation to Assimilate Accumulation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Wen-Jang Shieh
Affiliation:
Dep. Biol., Univ. Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320
Donald R. Geiger
Affiliation:
Dep. Biol., Univ. Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320
Stephen R. Buczynski
Affiliation:
Dep. Biol., Univ. Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-2320

Abstract

The fact that quackgrass may occasionally escape control by the herbicide glyphosate is thought to result from the wide range in growth rate and sink activity among rhizome buds, especially in older portions of the rhizome. To study growth of rhizome structures, we supplied whole plants with 14CO2 throughout a 10-h light period and determined the amount of labeled carbon accumulated by the end of the subsequent 14-h night. Growth of rhizome structures during this 24-h period was estimated by determining their growth rate coefficients: the amount of labeled carbon accumulated per unit of carbon present in the structure. Growth rate coefficients generally were high for the rhizome tip that is enclosed in a sheath and the adjacent bud and rhizome segment, with values decreasing rapidly in a basipetal direction. However, extensive differences in the level and pattern of assimilate accumulation among rhizome structures were observed as rhizome development continued. Glyphosate accumulation generally paralleled the level of assimilate accumulation even though the range among rhizome structures for both increased with rhizome age. As a result of the increased variability among buds, some of the older buds will accumulate only a small, perhaps sublethal, amount of glyphosate and this may explain the tendency of the buds in older regions to escape control by glyphosate.

Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Copyright
Copyright © 1993 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Camacho, R. F. and Moshier, L. J. 1991. Absorption, translocation, and activity of CGA-136872, DPX-V9360, and glyphosate in rhizome johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense). Weed Sci. 39:354357.Google Scholar
2. Claus, J. and Behrens, R. 1976. Glyphosate translocation and quackgrass rhizome bud kill. Weed Sci. 24:149152.Google Scholar
3. Devine, M. D. and Hall, L. M. 1990. Implications of sucrose transport mechanisms for the translocation of herbicides. Weed Sci. 38:299304.Google Scholar
4. Geiger, D. R. and Shieh, W.-J. 1988. Analyzing partitioning of recently fixed and of reserve carbon in reproductive Phaseolus vulgaris L. plants. Plant Cell Environ. 11:777783.Google Scholar
5. Geiger, D. R., Shieh, W.-J., and Saluke, R. M. 1989. Carbon partitioning among leaves, fruit, and seeds during development of Phaseolus vulgaris . Plant Physiol. 91:291297.Google Scholar
6. Gougler, J. A. and Geiger, D. R. 1981. Uptake and distribution of N-Phosphonomethylglycine in sugar beet plants. Plant Physiol. 68:668672.Google Scholar
7. Harker, K. N. and Dekker, J. 1988. Effects of phenology on translocation patterns of several herbicides in quackgrass, (Agropyron repens). Weed Sci. 36:463472.Google Scholar
8. Holm, L. G., Plucknett, D. L., Pancho, J. V., and Herberger, J. P. 1977. Pages 153168 in The World's Worst Weeds: Distribution and Biology. Univ. Press of Hawaii, Honolulu.Google Scholar
9. Kleier, D. A. 1988. Phloem mobility of xenobiotics. I. Mathematical model unifying the weak acid and intermediate permeability theories. Plant Physiol. 86:803810.Google Scholar
10. McIntyre, G. I. 1970. Studies on bud development in the rhizome of Agropyron repens. 1. The influence of temperature, light intensity, and bud position on the pattern of development. Can. J. Bot. 48:19031909.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11. McIntyre, G. I. and Hsiao, A. I. 1982. Influence of nitrogen and humidity on rhizome bud growth and glyphosate translocation in quackgrass (Agropyron repens). Weed Sci. 30:655660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12. Martin, R. A. and Edgington, L. V. 1981. Comparative systemic translocation of several xenobiotics and sucrose. Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 16:8796.Google Scholar
13. Parker, C. 1976. Effects on the dormancy of plant organs. Pages 165190 in Audus, L. J., ed. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Herbicides. Vol. 1. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
14. Raleigh, S., Flanagan, T., and Veatch, C. 1962. Life history studies as related to weed control. 4. Quackgrass. Bull. 365. Rhode Island Agric. Exp. Sta., Kingston, RI.Google Scholar
15. Rioux, R., Bandeen, J. D., and Anderson, G. W. 1974. Effects of growth stage on translocation of glyphosate in quackgrass. Can. J. Plant Sci. 54:397401.Google Scholar
16. Robertson, J. M., Taylor, J. S., Harker, K. N., Pocock, R. N., and Yeung, E. C. 1989. Apical dominance of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens): inhibitory effect of scale leaves. Weed Sci. 37:680687.Google Scholar
17. Snyder, F. W. and Carlson, G. E. 1978. Photosynthate partitioning in sugarbeet. Crop Sci. 18:657661.Google Scholar
18. Tardif, F. J. and Leroux, G. D. 1990. Rhizome bud viability of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) treated with glyphosate and quizalofop. Weed Technol. 4:529533.Google Scholar
19. Tyree, M. T., Peterson, C. A., and Edgington, L. V. 1979. A simple theory regarding ambimobility of xenobiotics with special reference to the nematicide, oxamyl. Plant Physiol. 63:367374.Google Scholar
20. Webb, W. L. 1975. Dynamics of photoassimilated carbon in Douglas fir seedlings. Plant Physiol. 56:455459.Google Scholar