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Differential Response of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) Gender to Abiotic Stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 February 2017

Nicholas E. Korres ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Toby FitzSimons ,
Trent L. Roberts  and
Derrick M. Oosterhuis
Nicholas E. Korres*
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Professor, Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, Assistant Professor, and Distinguished Professor, University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Professor, Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, Assistant Professor, and Distinguished Professor, University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Toby FitzSimons
Affiliation:
PepsiCo, C/O University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, 411 Buford Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108
Trent L. Roberts
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Professor, Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, Assistant Professor, and Distinguished Professor, University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Derrick M. Oosterhuis
Affiliation:
Postdoctoral Research Associate, Professor, Elms Farming Chair of Weed Science, Assistant Professor, and Distinguished Professor, University of Arkansas, Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
*
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: korres@uark.edu or nkorres@yahoo.co.uk
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Abstract

Knowledge of Palmer amaranth biology and physiology is essential for the development of effective weed management systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the response of Palmer amaranth gender to nutrient deficiency and light stress. Differential gender responses were observed for all the growth, phenology, and photochemistry parameters measured. Female plants, for example, invested more in height, stem, and total dry weight, whereas male plants invested more in leaf area and leaf dry weight. The growth rate of females was higher than that of male Palmer amaranth plants, although both followed similar declining trends as the experimental period progressed. Initiation of flowering of female plants occurred 6 to 8 d earlier compared with male plants. Nitrogen and to a certain extent phosphorous were the most influential nutrients that affected measured parameters in both Palmer amaranth genders, particularly under high light intensity. Electron transport rate and chlorophyll content of female Palmer amaranth plants compared with male plants was lower at high light intensity in combination with nitrogen and phosphorous deficiencies. There is a potential to manipulate Palmer amaranth population structure by altering microenvironments at the field level.

Keywords

Palmer amaranthAmaranthus palmeri S. Wats.Chlorophyll contentchlorophyll fluorescencedioeciousfitnessfloweringgrowth analysislight stressnutrient deficiencyphysiology.
Type
Physiology/Chemistry/Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 65 , Issue 2 , March 2017 , pp. 213 - 227
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2017 

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Footnotes

Associate Editor for this paper: Vijay Nandula, USDA–ARS

References

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