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Differences in selectivity between bermudagrass and goosegrass (Eleusine indica) to low-rate topramezone and metribuzin combinations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2021

John R. Brewer Open the ORCID record for John R. Brewer [Opens in a new window] ,
Whitnee L. B. Askew  and
Shawn D. Askew Open the ORCID record for Shawn D. Askew [Opens in a new window]
John R. Brewer
Affiliation:
Graduate Research Assistant, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Whitnee L. B. Askew
Affiliation:
Turfgrass Program Manager, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
Shawn D. Askew*
Affiliation:
Professor, School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Shawn D. Askew, Glade Road Research Facility, 675 Old Glade Road, Blacksburg, VA24073. (Email: saskew@vt.edu)
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Abstract

Goosegrass [Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.] remains problematic for bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] turf managers due to the ineffective, selective control of mature plants with available postemergence herbicides and lack of sufficient residual activity from those herbicides to control seedling plants. Topramezone controls mature E. indica, but past efforts to suppress potential injury to bermudagrass turf have been inconsistent. We hypothesized that metribuzin at 210 g ai ha−1 in admixture with topramezone would improve bermudagrass tolerance while conserving mature E. indica control. In preliminary field studies, metribuzin mixed with topramezone at 1.2 or 2.5 g ae ha−1 applied twice at a 3-wk interval reduced bermudagrass injury and white discoloration compared with topramezone applied alone, but metribuzin did not safen bermudagrass to mesotrione. Topramezone at 3.7 g ha−1 plus 210 g ha−1 metribuzin applied twice at a 3-wk interval offered improved bermudagrass tolerance while it still controlled mature E. indica during 15 field and 2 greenhouse studies in Virginia. This program offered a 10-fold decrease in suprathreshold duration of white discoloration compared with topramezone alone at 6.1 g ha−1. Bermudagrass absorbed three times less radioactivity than E. indica at timings up to 48 h after treatment with [14C]topramezone. Bermudagrass also metabolized twice as much topramezone compared with E. indica at 48 h after treatment. Metribuzin reduced 14C absorption by approximately 25% in both species. These studies confirm the performance of a novel, low-dose topramezone plus metribuzin program for mature E. indica control in bermudagrass turf and suggest that selectivity between bermudagrass and E. indica to topramezone is due to differential absorption and metabolism. The fact that metribuzin reduces topramezone absorption in both species suggests that it may help reduce bermudagrass phytotoxic response to topramezone, but its role in altering selectivity between bermudagrass and E. indica may be due to other factors.

Keywords

Days over injury thresholddigital image analysistopramezone absorptiontranslocation and metabolismturf dark-green color indexturfgrasswhite discoloration
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 70 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 55 - 63
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: Te-Ming Paul Tseng, Mississippi State University

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