Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-19T17:39:54.969Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Critical Period for Weed Control in Grafted and Nongrafted Watermelon Grown in Plasticulture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2018

Matthew B. Bertucci ,
Katherine M. Jennings ,
David W. Monks ,
Jonathan R. Schultheis ,
Frank J. Louws ,
David L. Jordan  and
Cavell Brownie
Matthew B. Bertucci*
Affiliation:
Former: Graduate Student, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; current: Research Scientist, Turf, Pasture, & Specialty Crop Weed Management, Department of Crop, Soil, & Environmental Sciences
Katherine M. Jennings
Affiliation:
Associate Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
David W. Monks
Affiliation:
Associate Director, North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, Raleigh, NC, USA
Jonathan R. Schultheis
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Frank J. Louws
Affiliation:
Professor and Director, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology and National Science Foundation–Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
David L. Jordan
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
Cavell Brownie
Affiliation:
Professor Emeritus, Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Matthew Bertucci, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, 2721 Founders, Raleigh, NC 27607. (Email: mbbertuc@ncsu.edu)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Field experiments determined the critical period for weed control (CPWC) in grafted and nongrafted watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thumb.) Matsum. & Nakai] grown in plasticulture. Transplant types included ‘Exclamation’ seedless watermelon as the nongrafted control as well as Exclamation grafted onto two interspecific hybrid squash (ISH) rootstocks, ‘Carnivor’ and ‘Kazako’. To simulate weed emergence throughout the season, establishment treatments (EST) consisted of two seedlings each of common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.], and yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) transplanted in a 15 by 15 cm square centered on watermelon plants at 0, 2, 3, 4, and 6 wk after watermelon transplanting (WATr) and remained until the final watermelon harvest at 11 WATr. To simulate weed control at different times in the season, removal treatments (REM) consisted of two seedlings of the same weed species transplanted in a 15 by 15 cm square centered on watermelon plants on the same day of watermelon transplanting and allowed to remain until 2, 3, 4, 6, and 11 WATr, at which time they were removed. Season-long weedy and weed-free controls were included for both EST and REM studies in both years. For all transplant types, aboveground biomass of weeds decreased as weed establishment was delayed and increased as weed removal was delayed. The predicted CPWC for nongrafted Exclamation and Carnivor required only a single weed removal between 2.3 and 2.5 WATr and 1.9 and 2.6 WATr, respectively, while predicted CPWC for Kazako rootstock occurred from 0.3 to 2.6 WATr. Our study results suggest that weed control for this mixed population of weeds would be similar between nongrafted Exclamation and Exclamation grafted onto Carnivor. But the observed CPWC of Exclamation grafted onto Kazako suggests that CPWC may vary with specific rootstock–scion combinations.

Keywords

Carlene Chase, University of FloridaCompetitionestablishmentinterferenceremoval
Type
Weed Biology and Ecology
Information
Weed Science , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , March 2019 , pp. 221 - 228
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adkins, JI, Stall, WM, Santos, BM, Olson, SM, Ferrell, JA (2010) Critical period of interference between American black nightshade and triploid watermelon. Weed Technol 24:397–400 Google Scholar
Ahmadvand, G, Mondani, F, Golzardi, F (2009) Effect of crop plant density on critical period of weed competition in potato. Sci Hortic (Amst) 121:249–254 Google Scholar
Buker, RS, Stall, WM, Olson, SM, Schilling, DG (2003) Season-long interference of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus) with direct-seeded and transplanted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Weed Technol 17:751–754 Google Scholar
Chaudhari, S, Jennings, K, Monks, D, Jordan, D, Gunter, C, McGowen, S, Louws, F (2016) Critical period for weed control in grafted and nongrafted fresh market tomato. Weed Sci 64:523–530 Google Scholar
Coolong, T, Granberry, D (2017) Commercial Watermelon Production. University of Georgia Cooperative Extension Service. Rep. 996, 40 pGoogle Scholar
Daley, S, Hassell, R (2014) Fatty alcohol application to control meristematic regrowth in bottle gourd and interspecific hybrid squash rootstocks used for grafting watermelon. HortScience 49:260–264 Google Scholar
Davis, AR, Perkins-Veazie, P, Sakata, Y, López-Galarza, S, Maroto, JV, Lee, S, Huh, Y, Sun, Z, Miguel, A, King, SR, Cohen, R, Lee, JM (2008) Cucurbit grafting. Crit Rev Plant Sci 27:50–74 Google Scholar
Dittmar, PJ, Monks, DW, Schultheis, JR (2010) Use of commercially available pollenizers for optimizing triploid watermelon production. HortScience 45:541–545 Google Scholar
Everman, WJ, Clewis, SB, Thomas, WE, Burke, IC, Wilcut, JW (2008) Critical period of weed interference in peanut. Weed Technol 22:63–67 Google Scholar
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2017). FAOSTAT Database Collections. Rome: FAO. http://faostat.fao.org. Accessed: January 9, 2018 Google Scholar
Ghosheh, H, Al-Kawamleh, M, Makhadmeh, I (2010) Weed competitiveness and herbicidal sensitivity of grafted tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicon Mill.). J Plant Prot Res 50:308–313 Google Scholar
Harker, FR, Marsh, KB, Young, H, Murray, SH, Gunson, FA, Walker, SB (2002) Sensory interpretation of instrumental measurements 2: sweet and acid taste of apple fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 24:241–250 Google Scholar
Hassell, RL, Memmott, F, Liere, DG (2008) Grafting methods for watermelon production. HortScience 43:1677–1679 Google Scholar
Hassell, RL, Schultheis, JR (2004) Seedless Watermelon Transplant Production Guidelines. Clemson, SC: College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences. https://www.clemson.edu/cafls/research/coastal/documents/seedlesstransplantquide.pdf. Accessed: October 11, 2018 Google Scholar
Hewson, RT, Roberts, HA (1973) Effects of weed competition for different periods on the growth and yield of red beet. J Hortic Sci 48:281–292 Google Scholar
Keinath, AP, Hassell, RL (2013) Control of fusarium wilt of watermelon by grafting onto bottlegourd or interspecific hybrid squash despite colonization of the rootstocks by Fusarium oxysporum . Plant Dis 98:255–266 Google Scholar
Kemble, JM (2017) Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook. Lincolnshire, IL: Vance. P 294 Google Scholar
Kleinhenz, MD (2015) Description of Commercial Cucurbit Rootstocks as of February 5, 2015. Common Cucurbit Diseases and Pests and Susceptibility Characteristics. VegetableGrafting.org. http://www.vegetablegrafting.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/usda-scri-cucurbit-rootstock-table-feb-15.pdf. Accessed: January 9, 2018 Google Scholar
Knezevic, SZ, Evans, SP, Blankenship, EE, Van Acker, RC, Lindquist, JL (2002) Critical period for weed control: the concept and data analysis. Weed Sci 50:773–786 Google Scholar
Kokalis-Burelle, N, Butler, DM, Hong, JC, Bausher, MG, McCollum, G, Rosskopf, EN (2016) Grafting and Paladin Pic-21 for nematode and weed management in vegetable production. J Nematol 48:231–240 Google Scholar
Korres, NE, Norsworthy, JK (2015) Influence of a rye cover crop on the critical period for weed control in cotton. Weed Sci 63:346–352 Google Scholar
Kubota, C, McClure, MA, Kokalis-Burelle, N, Bausher, MG, Rosskopf, EN (2008) Vegetable grafting: history, use, and current technology status in North America. HortScience 43:1664–1669 Google Scholar
Lament, WJ Jr (1993) Plastic mulches for the production of vegetable crops. HortTechnology 3:35 Google Scholar
Lee, J (1994) Cultivation of grafted vegetables I. Current status, grafting methods, and benefits. HortScience 29:235–239 Google Scholar
Lee, J, Oda, M (2003) Grafting of herbaceous vegetable and ornamental crops. Pages 61–124 in Janick J, ed. Horticultural Reviews. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Google Scholar
Louws, FJ, Rivard, CL, Kubota, C (2010) Grafting fruiting vegetables to manage soilborne pathogens, foliar pathogens, arthropods and weeds. Sci Hortic (Amst) 127:127–146 Google Scholar
Maynard, D, Elmstrom, G (1992) Triploid watermelon production practices and varieties. Pages 169–178 in Maynard DM, ed. II International Symposium on Specialty and Exotic Vegetable Cropso 318 Google Scholar
Maynard, DM (1989) Triploid watermelon seed orientation affects seedcoat adherence on emerged cotyledons. HortScience 24:603–604 Google Scholar
Miguel, A, Maroto, J, Bautista, A, Baixauli, C, Cebolla, V, Pascual, B, Lopez, S, Guardiola, J (2004) The grafting of triploid watermelon is an advantageous alternative to soil fumigation by methyl bromide for control of fusarium wilt. Sci Hortic (Amst) 103:9–17 Google Scholar
Miller, G, Khalilian, A, Adelberg, JW, Farahani, HJ, Hassell, RL, Wells, CE (2013) Grafted watermelon root length density and distribution under different soil moisture treatments. HortScience 48:1021–1026 Google Scholar
Monks, DW, Schultheis, JR (1998) Critical weed-free period for large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) in transplanted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). Weed Sci 46:530–532 Google Scholar
Olson, SM, Hochmuth, GJ, Hochmuth, RC (1994) Effect of transplanting on earliness and total yield of watermelon. HortTechnology 4:141 Google Scholar
Radosevich, SR, Holt, JS, Ghersa, C (1997) Weed ecology: implications for management. New York: Wiley. 494 pGoogle Scholar
Sakata, Y, Ohara, T, Sugiyama, M (2007) The history and present state of the grafting of cucurbitaceous vegetables in Japan. Pages 159–170 in McConchie R, Rogers G, eds. Proceedings of the IIIrd International Symposium on Cucurbits. Acta Horticulturae 731. Leuven, Belgium: International Society for Horticultural Science Google Scholar
Schultheis, JR, Thompson, WB (2014) 2014 North Carolina State University Watermelon Cultivar Trials. Raleigh: Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University Hort. Series No. 210. 39 pGoogle Scholar
Tateishi, K (1927) Grafting watermelon onto pumpkin. Journal of Japanese Horticulture (Nihon‐Engei Zasshi) 39:5–8 Google Scholar
Taylor, M, Bruton, B, Fish, W, Roberts, W (2008) Cost benefit analyses of using grafted watermelon transplants for fusarium wilt disease control. Pages 343–350 in Leskovar DI, ed. Proceedings of the IVth International Symposium on Seed, Transplant and Stand Establishment. Acta Horticulturae 782. Leuven, Belgium: International Society for Horticultural Science Google Scholar
Tursun, N, Datta, A, Budak, S, Kantarci, Z, Knezevic, SZ (2016) Row spacing impacts the critical period for weed control in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phytoparasitica 44:139–149 Google Scholar
Tursun, N, Datta, A, Tuncel, E, Kantarci, Z, Knezevic, S (2015) Nitrogen application influenced the critical period for weed control in cotton. Crop Prot 74:85–91 Google Scholar
[USDA-ERS] U.S. Department of Agriculture–Economic Research Service (2013) U.S. Watermelon Industry. Rep. 82029. https://www.ers.usda.gov. Accessed: January 9, 2018 Google Scholar
[USDA-NASS] U.S. Department of Agriculture–National Agricultural Statistical Services (2017). Quick Stats. https://quickstats.nass.usda.gov. Accessed: January 9, 2018 Google Scholar
[USDA-NRCS] U.S. Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service (1998) Estimating Soil Moisture by Feel and Appearance. Program Aid No. 1619. https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/nrcs144p2_051845.pdf. Accessed: January 9, 2018 Google Scholar
Webster, TM (2010) Weed survey—southern states 2010. Vegetable, fruit and nut crops subsection. Pages 246–257 in Proceedings of the Southern Weed Science Society. Little Rock, AR: Southern Weed Science Society Google Scholar
Yetisir, H, Çaliskan, ME, Soylu, S, Sakar, M (2006) Some physiological and growth responses of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria to flooding. Environ Exp Bot 58:1–8 Google Scholar
Yetisir, H, Sari, N, Yucel, S (2003) Rootstock resistance to fusarium wilt and effect on watermelon fruit yield and quality. Phytoparasitica 31:163–169 Google Scholar
Zitter, TA, Hopkins, DL, Thomas, CE (1996) Compendium of Cucurbit Diseases. St Paul, MN: APS Press. P 85 Google Scholar