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Corn (Zea mays) acetolactate synthase sensitivity to four classes of ALS-inhibiting herbicides

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

Terry R. Wright  and
Donald Penner
Terry R. Wright
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
Donald Penner*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1325
*
Corresponding author.
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Abstract

In vitro acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity from three commercial imidazolinone-resistant corn hybrids (ICI 8692 IT, Pioneer 3751 IR, and Ciba 4393 IMR) was compared to imidazolinone-sensitive isogenic hybrid controls for sensitivity to 11 herbicides representing four classes of ALS-inhibiting herbicide chemistry. Acetolactate synthase activity from Pioneer IR and Ciba IMR was cross-resistant to all four classes of ALS inhibitors, ranging from 48- to 5,000-fold. The ICI IT hybrid displayed only four- to eightfold resistance to the six imidazolinone herbicides and the pyrimidinylthiobenzoate herbicide, pyrithiobac, but no cross-resistance to the sulfonylurea and triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide herbicides. The four- to eightfold enzyme resistance to imidazolinone herbicides provides whole-plant resistance; however, the sevenfold enzyme resistance to pyrithiobac was insufficient to afford whole-plant protection to a field application rate of the herbicide. A second imidazolinone-specific resistance allele, XI-12, currently under commercial development, was examined for the level of dominance at the enzyme level. In the heterozygous state, imazethapyr resistance was fivefold, compared to 250-fold in the homozygous condition, indicating XI-12 is a semidominant trait. No cross-resistance to nicosulfuron or primisulfuron was observed in the heterozygous XI-12 hybrid extracts nor to nicosulfuron in the XI-12 homozygote; however, a fivefold resistance to primisulfuron was detected in the XI-12 homozygote.

Keywords

Chlorimuronflumetsulamimazamethimazamethabenz acidimazamoximazapyrimazaquinimazethapyrnicosulfuronprimisulfuronpyrithiobacthifensulfurontriflusulfuroncorn, Zea mays L.Cross-resistanceherbicide resistanceAHAS, acetohydroxyacid synthaseimidazolinonesulfonylureatriazolopyrimidine sulfonanilidepyrimidinylthiobenzoate
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 46 , Issue 1 , February 1998 , pp. 8 - 12
Copyright
Copyright © 1998 by the Weed Science Society of America 

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