Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-r7xzm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T12:24:19.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Controlled-Release Preemergence Herbicide Formulations for Annual Grass Control in Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) Turf

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2017

David R. Chalmers
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Virginia Polytech. Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061
Herbert J. Hopen
Affiliation:
Dep. Hortic., Univ. Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706)
Al J. Turgeon
Affiliation:
Dep. Agron., Pennsylvania State Univ., Univ. Park, PA 16802., Dep. Hortic., Univ. Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801

Abstract

Field, greenhouse, and laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the performance of starch xanthide (SX), sludge polymer (SP), and coventional formulations (CF) of benefin [N-butyl-N-ethyl-2,6-dinitro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine], oxadiazon {3-[2,4-dichloro-5-(1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-(3H-one}, and prosulfalin {N-[[4-dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrophenyl] sulfonyl]-5,5-dimethylsulfilimine} for the control of large crabgrass [Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. # DIGSA] in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) turf. Turf injury was greatest with SP oxadiazon and prosulfalin formulations, while SX formulations of oxadiazon and prosulfalin caused decreased and /or delayed injury and provided control comparable to conventional formulations. Coarse SX granules containing prosulfalin caused less turf injury than fine granules, while the opposite effect sometimes occurred with SX oxadiazon. Differences in control were observed in the greenhouse when SX benefin formulations which varied in cross-linking agent and/or degree of substitution were compared to the conventional formulation on sandy and silt loam soils. Benefin SX formulations also demonstrated controlled-release properties, which improved large crabgrass control when compared to the conventional formulation in the greenhouse. This effect was short lived on silt loam but persisted on sand. SX granules cross-linked with Fe3+ extended benefin activity longer than H2O2 cross-linked materials on sandy soil only. Release of 14C-labeled benefin from SX matrices was altered by the extent of water imbibition, solvent characteristics, and granule size.

Type
Weed Control and Herbicide Technology
Copyright
Copyright © 1987 by the Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

1. Coats, G. E., Ward, C. Y., and McWhirter, E. L. 1973. Effect of benefin and DCPA on overseeded grasses maintained as putting greens. Weed Sci. 21:528531.Google Scholar
2. Coffman, C. B. and Gentner, W. A. 1980. Persistence of several controlled release formulations of trifluralin in greenhouse and field. Weed Sci. 28:2123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Doane, W. M., Shasha, B. S., and Russell, C. R. 1977. Encapsulation of pesticides within a starch matrix. Pages 7784 in Scher, H. B., ed. Controlled release pesticides. ACS Symposium Series 53. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.Google Scholar
4. Ellis, J. F. and Norton, J. A. 1976. Factors affecting the biological activity of dinitroaniline herbicides. Proc. Northeast Weed Sci. Soc. 30:5274.Google Scholar
5. Foley, M. E. and Wax, L. M. 1980. Effects of starch xanthate and sludge polymer on the initial activity with delayed incorporation, residual activity, and crop safety of several herbicides. Weed Sci. 28:626632.Google Scholar
6. Gaskin, T. A. 1984. Effect of preemergence crabgrass herbicides on rhizome development in Kentucky bluegrass. Agron. J. 59:327329.Google Scholar
7. Helling, C. S. 1976. Chemical and physical properties of the dinitroaniline herbicides. Proc. Northeast Weed Sci. Soc. 30:4451.Google Scholar
8. Jagschitz, J. A. 1973. Control of crabgrass and goosegrass in turfgrass with herbicides. Proc. Northeast Weed Sci. Soc. 27:320323.Google Scholar
9. Johnson, B. J. 1976. Dates of herbicide application for summer weed control in turf. Weed Sci. 24:422424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10. Johnson, B. J. 1980. Herbicides for summer weed control in turfgrasses. Univ. Georgia, Coll. of Agric. Bull. 256. 23 pp.Google Scholar
11. Kearny, P. C. 1977. A challenge for controlled release pesticide technology. Pages 3036 in Scher, H. B., ed. Controlled release pesticides. ACS Symp. Ser. 53. Am. Chem. Soc., Washington, DC.Google Scholar
12. Raboy, V. and Hopen, H. J. 1982. Effectiveness of starch xanthide formulations of chloramben for weed control in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata). Weed Sci. 30:169174.Google Scholar
13. Roth, W. B. 1977. Methanol treated activated slude as an agricultural chemical carrier. U.S. Pat. 4065287. Date issued: December 27.Google Scholar
14. Schreiber, M. M., Shasha, B. S., Ross, M. A., Orwick, P. L., and Edgecomb, D. W. Jr. 1978. Efficacy and rate of release of EPTC and butylate from starch encapsulated formulations under greenhouse conditions. Weed Sci. 26:697–686.Google Scholar
15. Shasha, B. S. 1980. Starch and other polyols as encapsulating matrices for pesticides. Pages 207223 in Kydonieus, A. F., ed. Controlled release technologies: methods, theory, and applications. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.Google Scholar
16. Shasha, B. S., Doane, W. M., and Russell, C. R. 1976. Starch-encapsulated pesticides for slow release. J. Polym. Sci 14:417420.Google Scholar
17. Smith, G. S. and Callahan, L. M. 1979. The response of Kentucky bluegrass to soil residues of preemergence herbicides. Weed Sci. 17:1315.Google Scholar
18. Stout, E. I., Shasha, B. S., and Doane, W. M. 1979. Pilot plant process for starch xanthide encapsulated pesticides. J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 24:153159.Google Scholar
19. Trimnell, D., Shasha, B. S., and Doane, W. M. 1981. The release of trifluralin from starch xanthide encapsulated formulations. J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:637640.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20. Turgeon, A. J., Beard, J. B., Martin, D. P., and Meggitt, W. F. 1974. Effects of successive applications of preemergence herbicides on turf. Weed Sci. 22:349352.Google Scholar
21. Turgeon, A. J. and Meggitt, W. F. 1971. A small plot sprayer. Weed Sci. 19:245247.Google Scholar
22. Watschke, T. L., Duich, J. M., and Welterlen, M. S. 1979. Crab-grass control with single and split applications of preemergence herbicides. Proc. Northeast Weed Sci. Soc. 33:270273.Google Scholar
23. Watschke, T. L., Wehner, D. J., and Duich, J. M. 1977. Control of smooth crabgrass in Kentucky bluegrass and red fescue using pre- and postemergence herbicides. Proc. Northeast Weed Sci. Soc. 31:340343.Google Scholar
24. Weber, J. B. and Monaco, T. J. 1972. Review of the chemical and physical properties of the substituted dinitroaniline herbicides. Proc. South. Weed Sci. Soc. 25:3137.Google Scholar