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Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Suppression by Sudangrass Interference and Defoliation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Abram J. Bicksler ,
John B. Masiunas  and
Adam Davis
Abram J. Bicksler
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801
John B. Masiunas*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801
Adam Davis
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1201 W. Gregory Dr., Urbana, IL 61801 USDA–ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, IL 61801
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: masiunas@illinois.edu
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Abstract

Canada thistle is difficult to manage in organic farming systems and others with reduced reliance on herbicides. Previous field studies found that defoliation or sudangrass interference suppressed Canada thistle. Our objective was to understand the factors causing suppression of Canada thistle observed in the field. Three greenhouse studies were conducted utilizing frequency of defoliation, sudangrass interference and defoliation, and interspecific phytotoxicity to discern mechanisms of Canada thistle suppression. Increased defoliation frequency (up to four defoliations) decreased Canada thistle shoot height, shoot and root mass, and root-to-shoot ratio. Plants with larger root mass had greater shoot mass and number (r = 0.87 and 0.73, respectively), indicating a probable interdependence of root size (carbohydrate reserves), bud density, and subsequent shoot growth. In the sudangrass interference and defoliation study, Canada thistle shoot dry mass was 38.7, 2.76, and 0.39 g pot−1 in the defoliation only, sudangrass interference only, and defoliation + interference + surface mulch treatments, respectively. Sudangrass interference by itself was effective in suppressing thistle growth; combining interference with defoliation did not further reduce growth (2.76 and 2.83 g pot−1, respectively). In the experiment minimizing interspecific competition, we found no evidence of sudangrass having a phytotoxic effect on Canada thistle. Overall results indicate that sudangrass competition or frequent shoot removal suppresses growth of Canada thistle.

Keywords

Canada thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.) Scopsudangrass, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench spp. drummondii (Nees ex Steud.) de Wet and HarlanCompetitioncover cropmowingmulchperennial weed
Type
Weed Management
Information
Weed Science , Volume 60 , Issue 2 , June 2012 , pp. 260 - 266
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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Footnotes

Current address: Position, International Sustainable Development Studies Institute, 48/1 Chiang Mai-Lamphun Rd., Chaing Mai, Thailand 50300.

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