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ALS-Resistant Smallflower Umbrella Sedge (Cyperus difformis) in Arkansas Rice: Physiological and Molecular Basis of Resistance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Parsa Tehranchian ,
Dilpreet S. Riar ,
Jason K. Norsworthy ,
Vijay Nandula ,
Scott McElroy ,
Shu Chen  and
Robert C. Scott
Parsa Tehranchian*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Dilpreet S. Riar
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Jason K. Norsworthy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 West Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704
Vijay Nandula
Affiliation:
Crop Production Systems Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Services, 141 Experiment Station Road, P.O. Box 350, Stoneville, MS 38776
Scott McElroy
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849
Shu Chen
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, Auburn University, 201 Funchess Hall, Auburn, AL 36849
Robert C. Scott
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Box 357, Lonoke, AR 72086
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: ptehranc@uark.edu
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Abstract

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Smallflower umbrella sedge is a problematic weed in direct-seeded rice in the midsouthern United States. It recently has evolved resistance to the acetolactate synthase (ALS) –inhibiting herbicide halosulfuron in Arkansas rice. Studies were conducted (1) to determine if the resistant biotype is cross resistant to other ALS-inhibiting herbicides, (2) to evaluate alternative herbicide control options, and (3) to determine the mechanism of resistance. Whole-plant bioassay revealed that halosulfuron-resistant plants were not controlled by bispyribac–sodium, imazamox, and penoxsulam at the labeled field rate of each herbicide. The level of resistance to these herbicides, based on the lethal dose needed to kill 50% of plants (LD50) was ≥ 15-fold compared to a susceptible biotype. Both biotypes were controlled >96% with bentazon and propanil and ≤ 23% with quinclorac, thiobencarb, and 2,4-D. Hence, effective control measures exist; albeit, the number of herbicide options appear limited. Based on in vitro ALS enzyme assays, altered target site is the mechanism of resistance to halosulfuron and imazamox. Massively parallel sequencing with the use of the Illumina HiSeq detected an amino acid substitution of Pro197-to-His in the resistant biotype that is consistent with ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in other weed species.

Keywords

Bispyribace–sodiumhalosulfuronimazamoximazethapyrpenoxsulamsmallflower umbrella sedge, Cyperus difformis L.rice, Oryza sativa L.ALS enzyme assayALS gene sequencingherbicide resistance mechanismIllumina HiSeqwhole-plant bioassay
Type
Physiology, Chemistry, and Biochemistry
Information
Weed Science , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , September 2015 , pp. 561 - 568
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America

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