¹ Cardinale Rampolla del Tindaro, M., Santa Melania giuniore, senatrice Romana: documenti contemporanei e note (Rome 1905). It contains the Latin text of the vita discovered by the Cardinal in the Escorial in 1884, a Greek vita (published by H. Delehaye in the Anal. Bolland. 22 [1900] 7–49) together with an Italian translation, a Greek fragment of the Lausiac History of Palladius and copious notes.Google Scholar

² See Goyau, G., Mélanie la jeune (Paris 1908); da Persico, E., Die hl. Melania die Jüngere (Berlin 1912); and the abridged translation of Cardinal Rampolla's Life of St. Melania (ed. Thurston, H., London 1908).Google Scholar

³ Cf. Freemantle, W., Dict. of Christian Biography 3 (London 1882) 888–889; Butler, C., Lausiac History of Palladius (Texts and Studies 6, Cambridge 1898 and 1904) II, 134–136; 146–149, and notes 85–88, 92–97 and additions to note 94; PWK 15 (1931) 455 s. v. ‘Melania’ (2); Murphy, F., Rufinus of Aquileia (Washington 1945) 31–55; 155–157; Schwartz, E., ‘Palladiana,’ Zeitsch. f. neutest. Wissenschaft (ZntW) 36 (1937) 161–204.Google Scholar

⁴ Jer. Ep. 133 (to Ctesiphon, CSEL 56, 246); for the difficulties about Origen, see Cavallera, F., Saint Jérôme, sa vie et son oeuvre (Louvain 1922) I, 193–286.Google Scholar

⁵ Ruf. Apol. 2, 26 (PL 21, 605): ‘post id de exemplaribus suis erasit cum actus suos vidisset districtioris disciplinae feminae displicere.’ Google Scholar

⁶ Jer. Chronici canones 329 (ed. Fotheringham, J., London 1923). There is no evidence of such an erasure in any of the codices that have come down to us; hence the editor concludes that Jerome did not issue a new edition, but merely changed a few of the last pages of his own manuscript (op. cit. xxv, iv).Google Scholar

⁷ Jer. Ep. 39, 7 (CSEL 54, 301).Google Scholar

⁸ Baronius, , Annales eccles. 4 (Antwerp, 2 ed. 1601) 342, 680.Google Scholar

⁹ AA.SS. Jan. 1 (Antwerp 1635) 354.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Ibid. Jun. 2, 52.Google Scholar

¹¹ de Tillemont, Le Nain, Mémoires pour servir à l'histoire ecclésiastique 10 (Paris 1725) 591–613 and notes, p. 821ff. J. Stilting (AA.SS. Sept. 8 [Antwerp 1762] 418–419) takes Tillemont severely to task for his strictures on Jerome over the latter's treatment of Melania along with Rufinus, Ambrose, etc. Google Scholar

¹² Paulinus, , Epp. 28, 29, 31, 45 (to Aug.) (ed. Hartel, , CSEL 29).Google Scholar

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¹⁵ In chapters 5, 9, 10, 18, Palladius quotes Melania for events that had taken place before his arrival in Nitria.—Born in Galatia in 363 or 364, Palladius took up the monastic life in 386 or so, coming up to Jerusalem, where he joined the monk Innocent on the Mount of Olives and where he met Melania the Elder, Rufinus, Jerome, etc. He spent the years 390 to 399 in the Egyptian desert, finally retiring to Alexandria because of ill health. In 400, he was consecrated Bishop of Helenopolis in Bithynia, probably by John Chrysostom, whose ally he proved to be, travelling in his behalf to Rome in 405. There he incidentally met all of Melania's family. Upon returning East, he fell victim to persecution; in 417 he was made Bishop of the See of Aspuna. He wrote his History—a series of biographical sketches of the monks in the Egyptian desert—for a certain Lausus, chamberlain at the court of Theodosius II. His accounts are fairly accurate despite occasional slips of memory, due in good part to the lapse of years between his experiences and the writing of them. Cf. Butler, HL I, 179–183 and II append. V, ii, for the account of his life. For his historical accuracy, id. I, 178–196. Peeters, P., ‘Une vie copte de S. Jean de Lycopole,’ Anal. Bolland. 54 (1936) 369–371, offers a severe critique of Palladius’ accuracy, and of Butler's defense thereof; which is echoed in Telfer, W., ‘The Trustworthiness of Palladius,’ JTS 38 (1937) 379–382. But Peeters as well as Telfer are much too exacting of both Palladius and Butler. See in contrast Schwartz, E., ‘Palladiana,’ ZntW 36 (1937) 161–203.Google Scholar

¹⁶ Pallad. HL 46 (Butler 134). The English translation is based upon Clarke, W. L. K., The Lausiac History of Palladius (London 1918).Google Scholar

¹⁷ Jer. Chron. Abraham 2390, Valentin. 10 (ed. Fotheringham, p. 329).Google Scholar

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²⁰ Cf. CIL 3 (Berlin 1898) 12230; Liebenam, W., Fasti Consulares 36 (Kleine Texte 41, Bonn 1909).Google Scholar

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³⁴ Ibid. 46 (Butler 134).Google Scholar

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³⁶ Cf. McGuire, M., ‘A New Study on the Political Role of St. Ambrose,’ Cath. Histor. Rev. 22 (1936) 313–314.Google Scholar

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⁴⁵ Cf. Schwartz, E., op. cit. 167.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Paul. ibid. 10: ‘Multa illi et in ipsius huius militiae rudimentis adversus draconem invidum fuere certamina … sed tota nobilium propinquorum potentia ad retinendum armata propositum inpedire et eunti obstare conatus est. sed illa ultra virtutem temptationum iam confortata et corporea pietatis vincula et navem cunctis flentibus laeta solvit … navigavit et simul saeculum orbemque commutans urbem Hierusalem spiritali dono … elegit … civis effecta sanctorum.’ Google Scholar

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⁴⁸ Cf. Schwartz, E., op. cit. 167, where he discusses the competency of the Prefect of the City to undertake such an office.Google Scholar

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⁵⁵ Cf. Bardy, G., Saint Athanase (Paris 1924) 44, 48–49.Google Scholar

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⁵⁸ Rufinus in his Ecclesiastical History 2, 3 (ed. Mommsen, , Eusebius Werke II, ii, Leipzig 1909, p. 1005) tells us that immediately upon the death of Athanasius (May 3, 373) a persecution broke out in Alexandria, led by the Arian usurper Lucius; Rufinus maintains that he himself was a victim of this persecution, ibid. 4 (1004–1005): ‘quae praesens vidi loquor; et eorum gesta refero, quorum in passionibus socius esse promerui …’; Cf. also Apol. ad Anast. 2 (PL 21, 624).Google Scholar

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⁷⁸ Seek, O., Regesten 249, gives the end of 377 for the return of the exiles. Rufinus, however, seems to connect it with the inroads of the Goths into Thrace which forced Valens to leave Antioch (HE 2, 13, Mommsen 1019–1020); Schwartz (ZntW 36, 166) puts it in 378 after the battle of Adrianople.Google Scholar

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¹⁰² Cf. Schwartz, , ibid. 176–179. Butler, C., ‘Palladiana,’ JTS 22 (1921) 43, had suggested tentatively that this journey of Melania with Palladius had taken place in 388; but as Schwartz remarks (p. 167 n. 11): ‘… von anderen Unmöglichkeiten abgesehen: ein blutjunger Mann, der Anachoret werden will, ist kein Begleiter für eine Nonne.’ Google Scholar

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¹⁰⁴ Ibid. (Butler 148f.).Google Scholar

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