¹ Summa Magister Gratianus in hoc opere D.11 c.5 v. scriptura, first noted by von Schulte, J. F., ‘Zur Geschichte der Literatur über das Dekret Gratians: Zweiter Beitrag,’ Sb. Akad. Vienna 64 (1870) 35; see now The Summa Parisiensis on the Decretum Gratiani ed. McLaughlin, T. P. (Toronto 1952) p. 11, cf. XXII. Summa Antiquitate et tempore D.11 c.5 v. que orientem, first noted—with wrong attribution to Rufinus—by Schulte, Geschichte der Quellen und Literatur des canonischen Rechts I (Stuttgart 1875; repr. Graz 1956) 46; cf. the introduction of his edition, Die Summa magistri Rufini (Giessen 1892) lxii.Google Scholar

² Schulte, , ‘Zweiter Beitrag’ 35; Geschichte der Quellen II (1877; repr. 1956) 557; Kuttner, S., Repertorium der Kanonistik (1140–1234) (Vatican City 1937; repr. 1973) 179 n. 1, 455.Google Scholar

³ De Libris juris communis horumque Usu … praeside Erico Mauritio … publico eruditorum examini submittit Christian Ehrenfriedt Charisius … (Kiel, n.d.) § 28; republished posthumously in his Dissertationes et opuscula (Frankfurt 1692; Strasbourg 1724). The date 1666 there given is confirmed by Mauritius’ reference in § 16 to Pithou's edition of the Epitome Juliani (Basel 1576) as ‘ante annos nonaginta.’ On the career and writings of Mauritius (1631[?]–91) see Stintzing, R., Geschichte der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft II (Munich–Leipzig 1884) 238–44. Cf. Schulte loc. cit. (n. 2); his reference to Mauritius came from B. G. Struve's Biblioteca juris selecta (Jena 1756).Google Scholar

⁴ Martène, E. et Durand, U., Thesaurus novus anecdotorum I (Paris 1717; repr. New York 1968) 372 ‘ex ms. Clarevallis’; collated with the Ste.-Geneviève MS as quoted by U. Robert (see n. 6) col. 601 n. 3, and my own notes from Par. lat. 14618.Google Scholar

⁵ Thesaurus I 373: ‘… corporique voluminis totius partium omnium Candelae nomen imposui.’ Some writers give the name as ‘Fidei doctrina et candela studii salutaris'; but this is derived from the closing words of the salutatio, and is not a formal title.Google Scholar

⁶ Robert, U., ‘De Gerlandi vita et operibus,’ Analecta juris pontificii 12 (1873) 596–614. I find no reference earlier than Haskins, C. H., Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science (Cambridge, Mass. 1924; 2nd ed. 1927) 85 n. 13.Google Scholar

⁷ Haskins, , op. cit. 85; as against Robert 609–12, the Histoire littéraire de la France 12 (Paris 1763; reissued 1869) 278 s.v. Gerland and others.Google Scholar

⁸ Ott, L., Untersuchungen zur theologischen Briefliteratur der Frühscholastik (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Philosophie und Theologie des Mittelalters’ 34; Münster 1947) 454 n. 5.Google Scholar

⁹ Cordoliani, A., ‘Notes sur un auteur peu connu: Gerland de Besançon (avant 1100–après 1148),’ Revue du moyen ǎge latin 1 (1945) 411–19; and ‘Le comput de Gerland de Besançon,’ ibid. 2 (1946) 309–13.Google Scholar

¹⁰ One would have to quote page after page to show the unacknowledged borrowings.Google Scholar

¹¹ Jacqueline, B., ‘Un recueil théologique et canonique inédit du XII^e siècle: La “candela” de Gerland de Besançon,’ Ephemerides iuris canonici 4 (1948) 462–9 (the first word of the tabula is misprinted ‘Priora,’ p. 466). In 1956 Msgr. Jacqueline deposited a list of the capitula of Book 5, with inscriptions, incipits and explicits, transcribed from the Montpellier MS, at the Institute of Medieval Canon Law.Google Scholar

¹² For all the biographical data here summarized see Robert's article (n. 6) 597–9, to be corrected only in minor points of detail.Google Scholar

¹³ This agrees with the date ‘Anno circiter 1130’ given by Martène and Durand loc. cit. (n. 4 supra). Robert, art. cit. 599, maintained that Gerland witnessed — after the terminus ad quem just mentioned — a charter of July 25, 1131 as scholasticus of St. Paul, together with Zachary, master of the schools of St. Jean (the cathedral of Besançon), and again with the same title in 1134. But here Robert's memory was at fault: in his paper, ‘Zacharie le Chrysopolitain,’ Bibliothèque de l'École des Chartes 34 (1873) 580–82, the witness list of the 1131 charter is quoted: ‘testes … Gerlandus prior canonicorum sancti Pauli … et Zacharias magister scholarum sancti Johannis Evangelistae …’ (p. 581 n. 3, emphasis added); and for the charter of 1134, note 4 ibid. refers to Gallia christiana 15 (1860), Instr. eccl. Vesunt. no. 25, but there only ‘Zacharias doctor scholarum’ appears among the witnesses and no Gerlandus at all. By a further misunderstanding Jacqueline, art. cit. (n. 11) 463, has Gerland succeed Zachary in 1131 as écolǎtre of the cathedral school.Google Scholar

¹⁴ JL 7532 (formerly dated February 5).Google Scholar

¹⁵ Gesta Alberonis archiepiscopi auctore Balderico ed. Waitz, G., MGH Scriptt. 8 (1848) 257 lin. 20ff. = PL 154.1333A–B. ‘Ego Baldricus qui hanc scriptiunculam feci’ was part of the archbischop's retinue; he calls Master Jarlandus Bisuntinus and Master Teodericus Carnotensis ‘duos fama et gloria doctores nostri temporis excellentissimos’ (lin. 25f.). Cf. Robert, ‘De vita’ 598; Haskins, op. cit. (n. 6) 85.Google Scholar

¹⁶ I am indebted to Mr. Charles McCurry for having pointed out to me the reference to a Master Garland among the écolǎtres at Metz, 1128, in Parisse, M., ‘Formation intellectuelle et universitaire en Lorraine …,’ L'Université de Pont-à-Mousson et les problèmes de son temps: Actes du Colloque … 1972 (Annales de l'Est, Mémoire 47; Nancy 1974) 20 n. 2. For records of other activities see Robert 598–9.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Metellus, Hugo, ep. 33, ed. Mabillon, J., Vetera analecta (Paris 1723) 475–7; ed. Hugo, C. L., Sacrae antiquitatis monumenta historica, dogmatica, diplomatica II (Saint-Dié 1731) 372–4. Gerland of Besançon is claimed as addressee by Hugo p. 372 note a (cf. 361 note a on ep. 26); Hist. litt. de la France 276; Robert 505–7; Ott, Untersuchungen (n. 8) 53; Jacqueline 463. I have not seen the book of the Marquis de Fortia d'Urban, Histoire et ouvrages de Hugues Métel (Paris 1839), cited by Cordoliani, ‘Notes sur un auteur …’ (n. 9) 411 n. 2, and Jacqueline 462 n. 1.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Mabillon, , Vetera anal. 476b–77a, with a partial edition of ep. 26 (ed. Hugo 361–3); cf. also de Ghellinck, J., ‘Eucharistie au XII^e siècle en Occident,’ DThC 5.2 (1913) 1245. Contra: the writers cited in note 17.Google Scholar

¹⁹ ‘Quo tibi nugacitas auctorum? Quo eloquentia rhetorum? Quo ficta compositio philosophorum? … in quorum studiis non solum nullus est animae vel corporis fructus, verum potius quidam carnis marcor et fluxus; et quod miserrimum est, animae pernicies et mortis secundae laqueus’ (edd. Martène and Durand 371E–F).Google Scholar

²⁰ Robert, , ‘De vita …’ 602–8, with a description of the contents; de Ghellinck, J., Le mouvement théologique du XII^e siècle ² (Museum Lessianum, Section historique 10; Bruges–Brussels–Paris 1948) 464: ‘grande encyclopédie de théologie et de droit canon.’Google Scholar

²¹ ‘Lette aux auteurs de ces Mémoires sur un Ouvrage de Jarlandus, Chanoine de St. Paul de Besançon, intitulé CANDELA,’ Mémoires pour l'Histoire des Sciences et des Beaux-Arts. Commencés d'ětre imprimé l'an 1701 à Trévoux … [Année 1763] (Mai 1763) 1315–27, at p. 1319. This very rare item would hardly have attracted the present writer's attention, were it not for the typewritten copy we found in sorting out the papers left by the late Friedrich Heyer of Bonn (1878–1973) and acquired in 1974 by the Robbins Collection of the School of Law, University of California at Berkeley. A penciled note in Heyer's hand on the first page of the transcription, ‘Berlin K[önigliche] B[ibliothek] Ac 2870’ indicates that his interest in Gerland went back to the time before the end of the monarchy in Germany (November 1918). Only one reference to the Lettre of 1763 seems to exist in print: Ch. Kohler's notice for the Ste.-Geneviève MS 2768, in Catalogue général des manuscrits des bibliothèques publiques de France: Paris, Bibliothèque Sainte-Geneviève II (1898) 497–8.Google Scholar

²² Henrici Christiani baronis de Senkenberg [sic] ‘Commentatio de veteribus Canonum Collectionibus, praecipue de Jarlandi Chrysopolitani Candela,’ in Ios. Ant. Riegger, Bibliotheca iuris canonici (Vienna 1761) II 65ff. [not seen], and again in Riegger's Oblectamenta historiae et iuris ecclesiastici (Ulm 1776; also Freiburg/Br. 1779) I 95–130. On Sen(c)kenberg (1704–68, knighted as Reichsfreiherr in 1751) see Stintzing's continuator, E. Landsberg, Geschichte der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft III 1 (Munich–Leipzig 1898) 245–9 and Noten (separate pagination) 162–7. The Senckenbergische naturforschende Gesellschaft in Frankfurt is named after his brother, the naturalist and physician Johann Christian.Google Scholar

²³ ‘Lettre aux auteurs …’ 1319–22.Google Scholar

²⁴ See Appendix, infra.Google Scholar

²⁵ Thus already the letter in the Mémoires de Trévoux (1773) 1318; Hist. litt. de la France 12 (‘Notes’ of the 1869 reissue) 727; Robert 509f. But the old biographical legend is still repeated in Hurter, Nomenclator totius theologiae II² (Innsbruck 1906) 96 n. 2 and M. Grabmann, Geschichte der scholastischen Methode II (Freiburg 1911; repr. Graz 1957) 116 n. 2, though certainly not ‘par tous les auteurs,’ as Cordoliani maintains (‘Notes sur un auteur peu connu’ 414).Google Scholar

²⁶ Cordoliani 416–17 refers only to Montpellier 403, Paris lat. 14618, and Troyes 668 as extant MSS; for Admont 90 see de Ghellinck, Mouvement théologique (n. 20) 463–4. These four are given in Jacqueline, art. cit. 464 and in his recent Épiscopat et papauté chez saint Bernard de Clairvaux (Saint-Lǒ 1975) 34 n. 62. Ott, Untersuchungen, has two MSS at Paris (lat. 14618 and 18119, the latter from an obiter dictum in Grabmann loc. cit. n. 25 supra), two at Troyes (668 and 1082), and the Montpellier MS (the two last probably from Schulte). The better information available in the eighteenth century is discussed below.Google Scholar

²⁷ Fulgentii Ferrandi Carthaginiensis ecclesiae diaconi Opera iunctis Fulgentii et Crisconii … opusculis … (Dijon 1649) 323. Cf. Robert 600 n. 2.Google Scholar

²⁸ Besançon, Bibl. de la ville MS 1260 (see the entry in A. Castan's catalogue, Catal. gén. des mss. des bibl. publ. de France 32 [1897] p. 940: ‘Pièces relatives à l'histoire de l'imprimerie, par le P. Laire …’; fol. 253–255: ‘Observations sur le manuscrit intitulé Candela qui ne porte pas de nom d'autheur, mais est d'un célèbre chanoine régulier de St. Paul de Besançon au XI^e siècle nommé Jarland ou Gerland …. ’ On Laire see the entry in the Biographie nouvelle des Contemporains 10 (Paris 1823) 350–51; also in Michaud's Biographie universelle 22 (2nd ed.) 581–3.Google Scholar

²⁹ Delisle, L., Le cabinet des manuscrits de la Bibliothèque impériale (nationale) à Paris (Histoire générale de Paris 6; Paris 1868–81). — B.N. lat. 10623: Le cabinet des mss. I (1868) 45 and n. 1; ‘Inventaire des mss….,’ Bibl. Éc. Ch. 24 (1863) 194. — B.N. lat. 14618: Bibl. Éc. Ch. 30 (1869) 31. — B.N. lat. 18119: Le cabinet des mss. II (1874) 6, 244–5, 328; Bibl. Éc. Ch. 31 (1870) 542. Designation of the Dominicans as ‘Jacobins,’ from their French motherhouse, St. Jacques in Paris, was common in the Ancien Régime.Google Scholar

³⁰ Robert 601. He also cited the older bibliographical sources for the St. Victor (p. 500 n. 3), the St. Jacques (ibid. n. 5), and the Clairvaux (ibid. n. 6, 602 n. 1) codices, but without identifying any of them with extant manuscripts.Google Scholar

³¹ Mauritius, De Libris juris communis (n. 3) § 28: ‘saepe vidi in Bibliotheca eximia, quae plus quam mille quingentos Codices Mssto continet, Canonicorum ad S. Victorem Lutetiae Parisiorum, volumine 819.’ On his stay in Paris see Stintzing, Geschichte II 241.Google Scholar

³² The error was first noted in the Mémoires de Trévoux (1763) 1316. Cf. also Robert 602.Google Scholar

³³ Quétif, J. and Échard, J., Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum I (Paris 1719) 189; Mémoires de Trévoux (1763) 1325–6; brief mention of Par. lat. 18119 in Grabmann loc. cit. n. 25 and Ott loc. cit. n. 26 supra.Google Scholar

³⁴ Lebeuf, J., Dissertations sur l'histoire ecclésiastique et civile de Paris suivies de plusieurs éclaircissements sur l'histoire de France (Paris 1739–43) III 481; Senckenberg, ‘Commentatio … ’ (n. 22) 113 and note (b) at p. 114; Mémoires de Trévoux 1327–8. On Lebeuf see Biographie universelle 23.481; a list of his writings (236 titles) is found at the end of the ‘Notice biographique’ in the revised edition of his Mémoires concernant l'histoire civile et ecclésiastique d'Auxerre … (Auxerre 1848) xlvii–lxii.Google Scholar

³⁵ See Delisle, Le cabinet des manuscrits I 45 and n. 1; Robert 601 n. 1, 602.Google Scholar

³⁶ See Senckenberg 114; the description by Barre (on whom see Michaud, Biographie universelle 3.146–7) is quoted in Robert 600–1, without further reference. Mémoires de Trévoux 1326; Kohler, loc. cit. n. 21 supra.Google Scholar

³⁷ Oudin, C., Commentarius de scriptoribus Ecclesiae antiquis … a Bellarmino, Possevino … et aliis omissis (ed. 2; Leipzig 1722) II 1289: ‘… extat MS. in insigni Bibliotheca Archicoenobii Clarae Vallis, Ordinis Cisterciensis’; cf. Robert 600. Oudin had no entry on Gerland in his first edition, Supplementum de scriptoribus vel scriptis ecclesiasticis a Bellarmino omissis … (Paris 1686).Google Scholar

³⁸ Mémoires de Trévoux (1763) 1327–8. Cordoliani 416 and Jacqueline 464 mistakenly identify the Clairvaux MS of Troyes with the one given by Charles V to the Troyes Dominicans (Paris lat. 10623).Google Scholar

³⁹ See Harmand, A., introd. to the Troyes catalogue, Cat. gen. (quarto) 2 (Paris 1855) pp. ii–vii (with the list drawn up at the time of the MSS destined for Montpellier, pp. xvi–xxiv); Delisle, Le cabinet des manuscrits II 266–79 (‘Le cabinet de la famille Bouhier’), esp. 278f.; and recently the definitive monograph by A. Ronsin, La Bibliothèque Bouhier: Histoire d'une collection formée du XVI^e au XVIII^e siècle par une famille de magistrats bourguignons (Mém. Acad. Dijon 118; 1971).Google Scholar

⁴⁰ Notice by Libri, G., Cat. gén. (quarto) 1 (Paris 1849) p. 443 for Montpellier, Fac. de Méd. MS 403 = Bouhier E.6. For the date of the president's catalogue see Ronsin (n. 39) 108, 219. It is preserved in MS H.19 of the Faculté de Médicine. I am greatly indebted to Professor André Gouron in Montpellier for having examined both Bouhier's Gerlandus and his catalogue entry, also for first having called Ronsin's book to my attention. On the notorious Libri (1803–69) see Bogeng, G. A., Die grossen Bibliophilen (Leipzig 1922) I 505–7; III 346–7 (bibliography).Google Scholar

⁴¹ See the concordance of the president's and Jean III's catalogues by Vernet, A. and Étaix, R., ‘Appendice,’ in Ronsin, La Bibl. Bouhier 222ff. (E.6 = Jean III D.35, p. 227) and the list of provenances, ibid. 238ff. (E.6: St. Bénigne, p. 240). For the date of Jean III's catalogue see Ronsin 107; for other MSS from St. Bénigne, Vernet's index ibid. 243.Google Scholar

⁴² Quétif-Échard (n. 33) I 189: ‘Hoc idem opus erat anno 1621 in monasterio S. Benigni Divionensis et recensetur in catalogo codd. MS bibliothecae Janinianae.’ Cf. Omont, H., Cat. gén. 5 (1889) 453–7, at p. 456a. Dom Benetǒt's catalogue is summarized in Montfaucon, B., Bibliotheca bibliothecarum manuscriptorum nova (Paris 1739) II 1284–7: Professor Vernet of the École des Chartes kindly pointed out to me this important clue to the St. Bénigne MSS in the Bouhier collection (letter of April 7, 1976).Google Scholar

⁴³ Oudin, , Comm. de scriptoribus II 1289. Cf. Robert 600.Google Scholar

⁴⁴ Schulte, as cited nn. 1, 2 supra.Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Harmand, , Cat. gén. (quarto) 2 p. 447; cf. Kuttner, , Repertorium 178 n. 1.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Cat. gén. 5 (1889) p. 57; cf. Appendice p. 369 (Jean de Cirey's inventory No. 276), cited by Jacqueline 465 n. 2.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Wilmart, A., ‘Les livres légués par Célestin II à Città di Castello,’ Revue bénédictine 35 (1923) 98–102. The list is at the end of Pope Celestine's copy of the letters of St. Jerome, now Escorial MS a.II.12, whence first printed, without identification, by Antolín, G., Catálogo de los códices latinos de la R. Biblioteca del Escorial 1 (Madrid 1910) pp. 45–51. See ‘Candelam’ (Wilmart 101 lin. 16), ‘Sic et non’ (lin. 26). Professor Robert Somerville, who drew my attention to Wilmart's paper, is engaged in a study on the contents of Celestine II's library. Professor Vernet (in his letter cited n. 42 supra) has likewise noted this copy of the Candela.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ The two canonists mentioned at the beginning of this paper cite Gerlandus in commenting on Gratian's D.11 c.5 (Basilius de spiritu sancto c.27: PG 32.187), ad v. ‘que enim scriptura … salutifere crucis signaculo fideles docuit insigniri?’ (Sum. Par.) and ‘que orientem uersus nos orare litterarum forma docuit?’ (Antiq. et temp.). An anonymous letter de ordine legendi s. Scripturam (PL 213.713–18, at 716c) cites the Candela Gerlandi for the ‘rationes singulorum que per anni curriculum fiunt’; noted by Martène–Durand, Thesaurus novus anecd. I 489 note (a) ad loc.; Ott, Untersuchungen (n. 8) 454 n. 5; Jacqueline 465 n. 3.Google Scholar