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Electrical and electromechanical studies in ferroelectric Gd3+ modified lead potassium niobate ceramics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 August 2011

K. Sambasiva Rao ,
P. Murali Krishna ,
Madhava P. Dasari  and
J.H. Lee
K. Sambasiva Rao*
Affiliation:
Centre for Piezoelectric Transducer Materials, Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, 530 003, India
P. Murali Krishna
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, GVP College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India
Madhava P. Dasari
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, GITAM Institute of Technology, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, India
J.H. Lee
Affiliation:
Department of Inorganic Materials Engineering, Kyung Pook National University, Daegu 702701, Republic of Korea
*
ae-mail: konapala@sify.com
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Abstract

The change in dielectric constant relaxation time over temperature (35–590 °C) and frequency (45 Hz–5 MHz) in ceramics of Pb0.77K0.115Gd0.115Nb2O6 (PKGN, Tc = 340 °c) has been studied. Powder X-ray diffraction revealed the single-phase formation with orthorhombic crystal structure. The P-E hysteresis loop parameters are Ps = 21.77 μC/cm2, Pr = 17.09 μC/cm2, Ec = 11.86 kV/cm; the piezoelectric constants, Kp = 31.7%, Kt = 47%, d33 = 115 × 10−12 C/N, d31 = −41 × 10−12 C/N, are determined in the material and some transducer applications are discussed. Cole-Cole (Zll vs. Zl) plots showed a non-Debye type relaxation. Conductivity obeyed Jonscher’s universal power law, σ = σ0 + Aωn. The theoretical values of εl and σ are computed using the parameters ‘A(T)’ and ‘n(T)’ (0 < n < 1) and are well fitted with the experimental data. The hopping ion frequency (ωp) and charge carrier concentration (Kl) have been analyzed using Almond-West formalism. The dielectric relaxation processes are associated with localized oxygen vacancies conduction at high frequency region. A long-range conductivity by Gd3+ ions is found to be predominant at low frequency region. The activation energies from impedance and modulus formalisms revealed the ionic type conduction in PKGN.

Type
Research Article
Information
The European Physical Journal - Applied Physics , Volume 55 , Issue 2: International Symposium on Flexible Organic Electronics 2010 (ISFOE) , August 2011 , 20901
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, 2011

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