Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T15:22:55.512Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Dexamethasone Suppression Test

Fact and Artefact

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 January 2018

Louise Braddock
Louise Braddock*
Affiliation:
University of Oxford, Department of Psychiatry, Littlemore Hospital, Oxford OX4 4XN
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Review Artide
Information
The British Journal of Psychiatry , Volume 148 , Issue 4 , April 1986 , pp. 363 - 374
Copyright
Copyright © 1986 The Royal College of Psychiatrists 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aggernaes, H., Kirkegaard, C., Krog-Meyer, I., Kune, B., Larsen, J. K., Lund Laursen, A., Lykke-Olesen, L., Mikkelsen, P. L., Rasmussen, S. & Bjorum, N. (1983) Dexamethasone suppression test and TRH test in endogenous depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67, 258–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agren, H. & Wide, L. (1982) Patterns of depression reflected in pituitary-thyroid and pituitary-adrenal endocrine changes. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 7, 309–327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Albala, A. A., Greden, J. F., Tarika, J. & Carroll, B. J. (1981) Changes in serial dexamethasone suppression tests among unipolar depressives receiving electroconvulsive treatment. Biological Psychiatry, 16, 551–560.Google ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association (1980) Committee on Nomenclature and Statistics. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Ed. 3. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Ames, D., Burrows, G., Davies, B., Maguire, K. & Norman, T. (1984) A study of the dexamethasone suppression test in hospitalised depressed patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 311–313.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amsterdam, J. D., Winokur, A., Caroff, S. N. & Conn, J. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test in outpatients with primary affective disorder and healthy control subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 287–291.Google ScholarPubMed
Amsterdam, J. D., Bryant, S., Larkin, J. & Rickels, K. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test as a predictor of antidepressant response. Psychopharmacology, 80, 43–45.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asnis, G. M., Sachar, E. J., Halbreich, U., Swami Nathan, R., Novacenko, H. & Ostrow, L. (1981a) Cortisol secretion in relation to age in major depression. Psychosomatic Medicine, 43, 235–242.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Asnis, G. M., Sachar, E. J., Halbreich, U., Swami Nathan, R., Ostrow, L. & Halpern, F. S. (1981b) Cortisol secretion and dexamethasone response in depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 1218–1221.Google ScholarPubMed
Asnis, G. M., Halbreich, U., Swami Nathan, R., Ostrow, L., Novacenko, H., Endicott, J. & Sachar, E. J. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test in depressive illness: clinical correlates. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 7, 295–301.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Balldin, J., Gottfries, C.-G., Karlsson, I., Lindstedt, G., Langstrom, G. & Walinder, J. (1983) Dexamethasone suppression test and serum prolactin in dementia disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry, 143, 277–281.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beckmann, H., Holzmuller, B. & Fleckenstein, P. (1984) Dexamethasone suppression test predicts response to nomifensine or amitriptyline. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 440–441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belmaker, R. H. (1984) The lessons of platelet monoamine oxidase. Psychological Medicine, 14, 249–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berger, M., Doerr, P., Bronisch, T. & von Zerssen, D. (1982) Neuroendocrinological and neurophysiological studies in major depressive disorders: are there biological markers for the endogenous subtype? Biological Psychiatry, 17, 1217–1242.Google ScholarPubMed
Berger, M., Pirke, K.-M., Doerr, P., Krieg, C. & von Zerssen, D. (1983). Influence of weight loss on the dexamethasone suppression test. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 585–586.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, W. A., Johnston, R. & Mayfield, D. (1979) The 24-hour dexamethasone suppression test in a clinical setting: relationship to diagnosis, symptoms and response to treatment. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 543–547.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W. A., Haier, R. J. & Qualls, C. B. (1980) Dexamethasone suppression test identifies subtypes of depression which respond to different anti-depressants. Lancet, i, 928–929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, W. A., & Shuey, I. (1980) Response to dexamethasone and subtype of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 747–751.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, W. A., & Qualls, C. B. (1981) Pituitary-adrenal disinhibition in depression: Marker of a subtype with characteristic clinical features and response to treatment? Psychiatry Research, 4, 115–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brown, W. A., Daamen, M., D'Agostino, C., Dockery, E. L., Fournier, P. A. & Parsells, A. H. (1983) Cortisol level response to 1 and 2-mg doses of dexamethasone. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 609–611.Google ScholarPubMed
Carnes, M., Smith, J. C., Kalin, N. H. & Bauwens, S. F. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test in demented outpatients with and without depression. Psychiatry Research, 9, 337–344.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carney, M. W. P., Roth, M. & Garside, R. F. (1965) The diagnosis of depressive syndromes and the prediction of ECT response. British Journal of Psychiatry, 111, 659–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caroff, S., Winokur, A., Rieger, W., Schweizer, E. & Amsterdam, J. (1983) Response to dexamethasone in psychotic depression. Psychiatry Research, 8, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, B. J., Martin, F. I. R. & Davies, B. (1968) Resistance to suppression by dexamethasone of plasma 11-OHCS levels in severe depressive illness. British Medical Journal, iii, 285–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, B. J., & Davies, B. (1970) Clinical associations of 11-hydroxycorticosteroid suppression and non-suppression in severe depressive illness. British Medical Journal, i, 789–791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, B. J., Curtis, G. C. & Mendels, J. (1976a) Neuroendocrine regulation in depression. I. Limbic system-adrenocortical dysfunction. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 1039–1044.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, B. J., Curtis, G. C. & Mendels, J. (1976b) Neuroendocrine regulation in depression. II. Discrimination of depressed from non-depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 1051–1058.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, B. J., Greden, J. F., Rubin, R. T., Haskett, R., Feinberg, M. & Schteingart, D. (1978) Neurotransmitter mechanism of neuroendocrine disturbance in depression. Acta Endocrinologica Supplement, 220, 14.Google Scholar
Carroll, B. J. (1980) Dexamethasone suppression test in depression. Lancet, ii, 1249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, B. J., Feinberg, M., Greden, J. F., Haskett, R. F., James, N. McI., Steiner, M. & Tarika, J. (1980a) Diagnosis of endogenous depression. Comparison of clinical, research and neuroendocrine criteria. Journal of Affective Disorder, 2, 177–194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, B. J., Schroeder, K., Mukhopadhay, S., Greden, J. F., Feinberg, M., Ritchie, J. & Tarika, J. (1980b) Plasma dexamethasone concentrations and cortisol suppression response in patients with endogenous depression. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 51, 433–437.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, B. J., Greden, J. F., Feinberg, M., James, N. McI., Haskett, R. F., Steiner, M. & Tarika, J. (1980c) Neuroendocrine dysfunction in genetic subtypes of primary unipolar depression. Psychiatry Research, 2, 251–258.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, B. J., Feinberg, M., Greden, J. F., Tarika, J., Albala, A. A., Haskett, R. F., James, N. McI., Kronfol, Z., Lohr, N., Steiner, M., deVigne, J.-P. & Young, E. (1981a) A specific laboratory test for the diagnosis of melancholia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 15–22.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carroll, B. J., Greden, J. F. & Feinberg, M. (1981b) Suicide, neuroendocrine dysfunction and CSF 5HIAA concentrations in depression. In Recent Advances in Neuropsychopharmacology Vol. 31 (eds. Angrist, B., Burrows, G. D., Lader, M. et al). New York: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Carroll, B. J. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test for melancholia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 292–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Castro, P., Lemaire, M., Toscano-Aguilar, M. & Herchuelz, A. (1983) Abnormal DST results in patients with chronic schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Charles, G., Vandevalle, J., Meunier, J. C., Wilmotte, J., Noel, G., Fossoul, C., Mardens, Y. & Mendelwicz, J. (1981) Plasma and urinary cortisol levels after dexamethasone in affective disorders. Journal of Affective Disorder, 3, 397–406.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Connolly, C. K., Gore, M. B. R., Stanley, N. & Wills, M. R. (1968) Single-dose dexamethasone suppression in normal subjects and hospital patients. British Medical Journal, i, 665–667.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coppen, A., Abou-Saleh, M., Milln, P., Metcalfe, M., Harwood, J. & Bailey, J. (1983) Dexamethasone suppression test in depression and other psychiatric illness. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 498–504.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coppen, A., Harwood, J. & Wood, K. (1984) Depression, weight loss and the dexamethasone suppression test. British Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 88–90.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Coryell, W., Gaffney, G. & Burkhardt, P. E. (1982a) The dexamethasone suppression test and familial subtypes of depression: a naturalistic replication. Biological Psychiatry, 17, 33–40.Google ScholarPubMed
Coryell, W., Gaffney, G. & Burkhardt, P. E. (1982b) DSM III melancholia and the primary–secondary distinction: a comparison of concurrent validity by means of the dexamethasone suppression test. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 120–122.Google ScholarPubMed
Coryell, W., & Zimmerman, M. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test and ECT outcome: a six month follow-up. Biological Psychiatry, 18, 21–27.Google ScholarPubMed
Coryell, W., Smith, R., Cook, B., Moucharafieh, S., Dunner, F. & House, D. (1983) Serial dexamethasone suppression test results during antidepressant therapy: relationship to diagnosis and clinical change. Psychiatry Research, 10, 165–174.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtis, G. C., Cameron, O. G. & Nesse, R. M. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test in panic disorder and agoraphobia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1043–1046.Google ScholarPubMed
Davis, K. L., Hollister, L. E., Mathe, A. A., Davis, B. M., Rothpearl, A. B., Faull, K. F., Hsieh, Y. K., Barchas, J. D. & Berger, P. A. (1981) Neuroendocrine and neurochemical measurements in depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 1555–1562.Google ScholarPubMed
Dewan, M. J., Pandurangi, A. K., Boucher, M. L., Levy, B. F. & Major, L. F. (1982) Abnormal dexamethasone suppression test results in chronic schizophrenic patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1501–1503.Google ScholarPubMed
Doerr, P., Fichter, M., Pirke, K. M. & Lund, R. (1981) On the regulation of cortisol secretion in anorexia nervosa. In Biological Psychiatry (eds. Perris, C., Struwe, G. and Jansson, B.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Biomedical Press.Google Scholar
Edelstein, C. K., Roy-Byrne, P., Fawzy, F. I. & Dornfeld, L. (1983) Effects of weight loss on the dexamethasone suppression test. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 338–341.Google ScholarPubMed
Evans, D. L. & Nemeroff, C. B. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test in mixed bipolar disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 615–617.Google ScholarPubMed
Evans, D. L., Burnett, G. B. & Nemeroff, C. B. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test in the clinical setting. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 586–588.Google ScholarPubMed
Extein, I., Kirstein, L. S., Pottash, A. L. C. & Gold, M. S. (1982–3) The dexamethasone suppression and thyrotropin releasing hormone tests and response to treatment in depression. international Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 12, 267–274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., Winokur, G. & Munoz, R. (1972) Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry, 26, 57–63.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feinberg, M., Carroll, B. J., Steiner, M. & Commorato, A. J. (1979) Misdiagnosis of endogenous depression with Research Diagnostic Criteria. Lancet, i, 267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feinberg, M. & Carroll, B. J. (1982) Separation of subtypes of depression using discriminant analysis. I. Separation of unipolar endogenous depression from non-endogenous depression. British Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 384–391.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fichter, M. M., Doerr, P., Pirke, K. M. & Lund, R. (1982) Behaviour, attitude, nutrition and endocrinology in anorexia nervosa. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 66, 429–444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gerner, R. H. & Gwirtsman, H. E. (1981) Abnormalities of dexamethasone suppression test and urinary MHPG in anorexia nervosa. American Journal of Psychiatry, 138, 650–653.Google ScholarPubMed
Giles, D. E. & Rush, A. J. (1982) Relationship of dysfunctional attitudes and dexamethasone response in endogenous and non-endogenous depression. Biological Psychiatry, 17, 1303–1314.Google Scholar
Goggans, F. C., Wilson, W. R., Gold, M. S. & Pottash, A. L. C. (1983) Effect of multiple time point sampling on the sensitivity of the dexamethasone suppression test. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 909–910.Google ScholarPubMed
Graham, P. M., Booth, J., Boranga, G., Galhenage, S., Myers, C. M., Teoh, C. L. & Cox, L. S. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test in mania. Journal of Affective Disorder, 4, 201–211.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Greden, J. F., Albala, A. A., Haskett, R. F., James, N. MeI., Goodman, L., Steiner, M. & Carroll, B. J. (1980) Normalisation of dexamethasone suppression test: a laboratory index of recovery from endogenous depression. Biological Psychiatry, 15, 449–458.Google Scholar
Greden, J. F., Kronfol, Z., Garner, R., Feinberg, M. & Carroll, B.J. (1981a) Neuroendocrine evaluation of schizoaffectives with the dexamethasone suppression test. In Biological Psychiatry (eds. Perris, C., Struwe, G. and Jansson, B.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Biomedical Press.Google Scholar
Greden, J. F., DeVigne, J.-P., Kronfol, Z., Albala, A. A., Tarika, J., Gardner, R. & Carroll, B. J. (1981b) Dexamethasone suppression test results and prediction of treatment response. In Biological Psychiatry (eds Perris, C., Struwe, G. and Jansson, B.). Amsterdam: Elsevier/Biomedical Press.Google Scholar
Greden, J. F., DeVigne, J.-P., Albala, A. A., Tarika, J., Buttenheim, M., Eiser, A. & Carroll, B. J. (1982) Serial dexamethasone suppression tests among rapidly cycling bipolar patients. Biological Psychiatry, 17, 455–462.Google ScholarPubMed
Greden, J. F., Gardner, R., King, D., Grunhaus, L., Carroll, B. J. & Kronfol, Z. (1983) Dexamethasone suppression tests in antidepressant treatment of melancholia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 493–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Green, H. S. & Kane, J. M. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test in depression. Clinical Neuropharmacology, 6, 7–24.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gwirtsman, H. E., Roy-Byrne, P., Yager, J. & Gerner, R. H. (1983) Neuroendocrine abnormalities in bulimia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 559–563.Google ScholarPubMed
Haier, R. J. & Keitner, G. I. (1982) Sensitivity and specificity of 1 and 2 mg dexamethasone suppression tests. Psychiatry Research, 7, 271–276.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hallstrom, T., Samuelsson, S., Balldin, J., Walinder, J., Bengtsson, C., Nystrom, E., Andersch, B., Lindstedt, G. & Lundberg, P.-A. (1983) Abnormal dexamethasone suppression test in normal females. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 489–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M. (1967) Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 278–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holden, N. L. (1983) Depression and the Newcastle Scale. Their relationship to the dexamethasone suppression test. British Journal of Psychiatry, 142, 505–507.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holsboer, F., Bender, W., Benkert, O., Klein, H. E. & Schmauss, M. (1980) Diagnostic value of dexamethasone suppression test in depression. Lancet, ii, 706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holsboer, F., Liebl, R. & Hofschuster, E. (1982) Repeated dexamethasone suppression test during depressive illness. Journal of Affective Disorder, 4, 93–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holsboer, F., Haack, D., Gerken, A. & Vecsei, P. (1984) Plasma dexamethasone concentrations and differential suppression response of cortisol and corticosterone in depressives and controls. Biological Psychiatry, 19, 281–291.Google ScholarPubMed
Hudson, J. I., Pope, H. G., Jonas, J. M., Laffer, P. S., Hudson, M. S. & Melby, J. C. (1983) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity in bulimia. Psychiatry Research, 8, 111–117.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Insel, T. R., Kalin, N. H., Guttmacher, L. B., Cohen, R. M. & Murphy, D. L. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test in patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research, 6, 153–160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jaffe, K., Barnshaw, D. & Kennedy, M. E. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test in depressed outpatients with and without melancholia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 492–493.Google ScholarPubMed
Jimerson, D. C., Insel, T. R., Reus, V. I. & Kopin, I. J. (1982) Increased plasma MHPG in dexamethasone-resistant depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 173–176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kalin, N. H. & Shelton, S. E. (1984) Acute behavioural stress affects the dexamethasone suppression test in rhesus monkeys. Biological Psychiatry, 19, 113–117.Google ScholarPubMed
Kasper, S. & Beckmann, H. (1983) Dexamethasone suppression test in a pluridiagnostic approach: its relationship to psychopathological and clinical variables. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 68, 31–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Katona, C. L. E. & Aldridge, C. R. (1984) Dexamethasone suppression test and dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 333.Google ScholarPubMed
Klein, D. F. (1974) Endogenomorphic depression: a conceptual and terminological revision. Archives of General Psychiatry, 31, 447–454.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Krishnan, R. R., Maltbie, A. A. & Davidson, J. R. T. (1983) Abnormal cortisol suppression in bipolar patients with simultaneous manic and depressive symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 203–205.Google ScholarPubMed
Langer, G. Schonbeck, G., Koinig, G., Lesch, O. & Schussler, M. (1979) Hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in endogenous depression. Lancet, ii, 524.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lieberman, J. A., Brenner, R., Lesser, M., Coccaro, E., Borenstein, M. & Kane, J. M. (1983) Dexamethasone suppression tests in patients with panic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 917–919.Google ScholarPubMed
McIntyre, I. M., Norman, T. R., Burrows, G. D., Davies, B. & Maguire, K. P. (1981) British Medical Journal, iv, 1609–1610.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLeod, W. R., Carroll, B. J. & Davies, B. (1970) Hypothalamic dysfunction and antidepressant drugs. British Medical Journal, ii, 480–481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meltzer, H. Y., Fang, V. S., Tricou, B. J., Robertson, A. & Piyaka, S. K. (1982) Effect of dexamethasone on plasma prolactin and cortisol levels in psychiatric patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 763–768.Google ScholarPubMed
Meltzer, H. Y. & Fang, V. S. (1983) Cortisol determination and the dexamethasone suppression test. Archives of General Psychiatry, 40, 501–505.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meltzer, H. Y., Arora, R. C., Tricou, B. J. & Fang, V. S. (1983) Serotonin uptake in blood platelets and the dexamethasone suppression test in depressed patients. Psychiatry Research, 8, 41–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mendelwicz, J., Charles, G. & Franckson, J. M. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test in affective disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 464–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, W. H., Orr, W. W., Stevenson, J. M. & Shane, S. R. (1982) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and tricyclic response in major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 39, 1033–1036.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Papakostas, Y. Fink, M., Lee, J., Irwin, P. & Johnson, L. (1981) Neuroendocrine measures in psychiatric patients: course and outcome with ECT. Psychiatry Research, 4, 55–64.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pepper, G. M., Davis, K. L., Davis, B. M. & Krieger, D. T. (1983) DST suppression test in depression is unaffected by altering clock time of its administration. Psychiatry Research, 8, 105–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peselow, E. D. & Fieve, R. S. (1982) Dexamethasone suppression test and response to antidepressants in depressed outpatients. New England Journal of Medicine, 307, 1216–1217.Google ScholarPubMed
Peselow, E. D., Serby, M., Wolkin, A., Deutsch, S. I., Fricchione, G. & Rotrosen, J. P. (1983a) Plasma cortisol values after dexamethasone in depressed inpatients. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 3, 45–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peselow, E. D., Goldring, N., Fieve, R. R. & Wright, R. (1983b) The dexamethasone suppression test in depressed outpatients and normal control subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 245–247.Google ScholarPubMed
Rabkin, J. G., Quitkin, F. M., Stewart, J. W., McGrath, P. J. & Puig-Antich, J. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test with mildly to moderately depressed outpatients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 926–927.Google ScholarPubMed
Raskind, M., Peskind, E., Rivard, M.-F., Veith, R. & Barnes, R. (1982) Dexamethasone suppression test and cortisol circadian rhythm in primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1468–1470.Google ScholarPubMed
Reus, V. I. (1982) Pituitary-adrenal disinhibition as the independent variable in the assessment of behavioural symptoms. Biological Psychiatry, 17, 317–326.Google Scholar
Rothschild, A. J., Schatzberg, A. F., Rosenbaum, A. H., Stahl, J. B. & Cole, J. O. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test as a discriminator among subtypes of psychotic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 141, 471–474.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy-Byrne, P., Gwirtsman, H., Sternbach, H. & Gerner, R. H. (1984) Effects of acute hospitalisation on the dexamethasone suppression and TRH stimulation tests. Biological Psychiatry, 19, 607–612.Google ScholarPubMed
Rudorfer, M. V., Hwu, H. G. & Clayton, P. J. (1982) The dexamethasone suppression test in primary depression: significance of family history and psychosis. Biological Psychiatry, 17, 41–48.Google ScholarPubMed
Rush, A. J., Giles, D. E., Roffwarg, H. P. & Parker, C. R. (1982) Sleep EEG and dexamethasone suppression test findings in outpatients with unipolar major depressive disorders. Biological Psychiatry, 17, 327–334.Google ScholarPubMed
Sachar, E. J., Hellman, L. Fukushima, D. K. & Gallagher, T. F. (1970) Cortisol production in depressive illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 23, 289–298.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sachar, E. J., Asnis, G., Halbreich, U., Swami Nathan, R. & Halpern, F. (1980) Recent studies in the neuroendocrinology of major depressive disorders. In Advances in Psychoneuroendocrinology: Psychiatric Clinics of North America Vol. 3, No. 2.Google Scholar
Schaffer, C. B. (1982) DST during drug-induced switch from depression to mania. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1081.Google ScholarPubMed
Schatzberg, A. F., Rothschild, A. J., Stahl, J. B., Bond, T. C., Rosenbaum, A. H., Lofgren, S. B., MacLaughlin, R. A., Sullivan, M. A. & Cole, J. O. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test: identification of subtypes of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 88–91.Google ScholarPubMed
Schlesser, M. A., Winokur, G. & Sherman, B. M. (1980) Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in depressive illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 37, 737–743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schlesser, M. A., Winokur, G. & Sherman, B. M. (1981) Dexamethasone suppression test and subtypes of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 363–364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheehan, D. V., Claycomb, B., Surman, O. S., Baer, L., Coleman, J. & Gelles, L. (1983) Panic attacks and the dexamethasone suppression test. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 1063–1064.Google ScholarPubMed
Sherman, B., Pfohl, B. & Winokur, G. (1984) Circadian analysis of plasma cortisol levels before and after dexamethasone administration in depressed patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 271–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Spar, J. E. & Gerner, R. (1982) Does the dexamethasone suppression test distinguish dementia from depression? American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 238–240.Google ScholarPubMed
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1977) Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for a selected group of functional disorders. 3rd Ed. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute.Google Scholar
Stokes, P. E., Stoll, P. M., Koslow, S. H., Maas, J. W., Davis, J. M., Swann, A. C. & Robins, E. (1984) Pre-treatment DST and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical function in depressed patients and comparison groups. Archives of General Psychiatry, 41, 257–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Targum, S. D., Byrnes, S. M. & Sullivan, A. C. (1982) Subtypes of unipolar depression distinguished by the dexamethasone suppression test. Journal of Affective Disorder, 4, 21–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Targum, S. D. (1983a) Reported weight loss and the DST. Psychiatry Research, 9, 173–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Targum, S. D. (1983b) The application of serial neuroendocrine challenge studies in the management of depressive disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 18, 3–19.Google ScholarPubMed
Targum, S. D., Rosen, L. & Capodanno, A. E. (1983) The dexamethasone suppression test in suicidal patients with unipolar depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 140, 877–879.Google ScholarPubMed
Tosca, P., Fenoglio, L., Zerbi, F., Romani, A., Bezzi, G., Ferrari, E. & Canepari, C. (1982) Neuroendocrinological aspects of depression and symptomatological picture. Psychiatrica Clinica, 15, 153–159.Google ScholarPubMed
Tourigny-Rivard, M.-F., Raskind, M. & Rivard, D. (1981) The dexamethasone suppression test in an elderly population. Biological Psychiatry, 16, 1177–1184.Google Scholar
Winokur, G., Behar, D., van Valkenburg, C. & Lowry, M. (1978) Is a familial definition of depression both feasible and valid? Journal of Nervous and Mental Disorders, 166, 764–768.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Winokur, A., Amsterdam, J., Caroff, S., Snyder, P. J. & Brunswick, D. (1982) Variability of hormonal responses to a series of neuroendocrine challenges in depressed patients. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 39–44.Google ScholarPubMed
World Health Organisation (1980) International Classification of Diseases. 9th Revision, Geneva: WHO.Google Scholar
Yerevanian, B. I., Olafsdottir, H., Milanese, E., Russotto, J., Mallon, P., Baciewicz, G. & Sagi, E. (1983) Normalisation of the dexamethasone suppression test at discharge from hospital. Journal of Affective Disorder, 5, 191–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Submit a response

eLetters

No eLetters have been published for this article.