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The Churchmanship of Samuel Wilberforce
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 21 March 2016
Extract
Do you remember the Very Reverend Dr Brownside in Newman’s Loss and Gain?
As a divine, he seemed never to have had any difficulty on any subject; he was so clear or so shallow that he saw to the bottom of all his thoughts. ... He was a popular preacher; that is, though he had few followers, he had numerous hearers.
We may grant that Newman did not intentionally malign his former friends and enemies. To hint as much would be, as he himself assured James Stephen, ‘to act the part of the good lady in the Spectator, who turned The Whole Duty of Man into a manual of personal slander’. And if the image of Samuel Wilberforce flashed through Newman’s mind as he drew this caricature—though it is mere surmise that it did—then undoubtedly he covered up the mischievous thought by endowing Dr Brown-side with a physical frame and a particular brand of theological ineptitude as far removed as possible from the actual appearance and acknowledged teaching of the celebrated bishop of Oxford.
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- Copyright © Ecclesiastical History Society 1966
References
Page 23 of note 1 J. H. Newman, Loss and Gain. The Story of a Convert, 1903 edn., 68.
Page 23 of note 2 Birmingham Oratory, Box 119, no. 42 (c), 17 July 1853.
Page 23 of note 3 Pugh, R. K., ‘The Episcopate of Samuel Wilberforce, with special reference to the administration of the Diocese of Oxford’ (unpublished D. Phil, thesis in Bodleian Library, Oxford), 15 Google Scholar.
Page 24 of note 1 R. Hooker, Of the Laws of the Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I (Everyman edn., 1963), 148.
Page 24 of note 2 Ushaw College, Letters of Manning and Henry and Mary Wilberforce, no. 55, 28 July 1873.
Page 25 of note 1 Church, R. W., Occasional Papers, II, 336-7Google Scholar.
Page 25 of note 2 Autobiography of Isaac Williams, edited G. Prevost, 1892, 69 n.
Page 25 of note 3 Letters of the Rev.f. B. Motley, edited by his sister, 1885, 130-1; 188.
Page 25 of note 4 W. Palmer, A Narrative of Events connected with the Publication of the Tracts for the Times, 1883, 254-5.
Page 25 of note 5 Knowles, D., The Historian and Character, Cambridge 1963, 7–8 Google Scholar.
Page 26 of note 1 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Deposit., c. 186, Diary no. 4, 11 March 1841.
Page 26 of note 2 On this, see my article ‘How Soapy was Sam? A Study of Samuel Wilberforce’ in History Today, XIII, no. 9, 624–632 Google Scholar.
Page 27 of note 1 Simeon’s sermon on ‘Christ Crucified, or Evangelical Religion describ ed’ (1811), discussed in Willmer, H., ‘Evangelicalism 1785-1835’ (Hulsean Prize Essay in Cambridge University Library), 22 Google Scholar; Gladstone, W. E., Gleanings of Past Years, 1879, VII, 207-8Google Scholar.
Page 27 of note 2 See my article ‘Father and Sons’ in Historical Journal, VI, no. 2 (1963), 306-7Google Scholar.
Page 27 of note 3 Wrangham MSS, Box 7, no. 152, 29 Nov. 1843.
Page 27 of note 4 Wrangham MSS, Box 6, no. 251, 18 Dec. 1843.
Page 28 of note 1 Two separate letters in Henfield MSS, Newman letters, nos. 5 and 6 (4 Feb. and 10 March 1835).
Page 28 of note 2 Birmingham Oratory, Misc. Letters 1829-36, no. 67, 23 Feb. 1835. For the text of this correspondence, see my article ‘Justification and Sancti fication: Newman and the Evangelicals’ in Journal of Theological Studies, N.S., XV. Pt. 1, 32–53 Google Scholar.
Page 28 of note 3 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191, 23 January 1838.
Page 29 of note 1 Brown, Ford K., Fathers of the Victorians, Cambridge 1961, 486–520 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.
Page 29 of note 2 The Autobiography of William Jay, edited Redford, G. and James, J. A., 2nd edn. 1855, 317 Google Scholar.
Page 29 of note 3 Henfield MSS, Notebook entided ‘Fragments of his Father’s Conversation’, 92; Wilberforce, A. M., Private Papers of William Wilberforce, 1897, 195-7; 242 Google Scholar.
Page 29 of note 4 Henfield MSS, ‘Fragments’, 87-8.
Page 29 of note 5 , R. I. and Wilberforce, S., Life of William Wilberforce, 1838, IV, 290 Google Scholar.
Page 30 of note 1 Henfield MSS, ‘Fragments’, 119-120.
Page 30 of note 2 A. M. Wilberforce, op. cit., 242.
Page 31 of note 1 R. I. Wilberforce, A Charge to the Clergy of the East Riding delivered at the Ordinary Visitation a.d. 1851, 1851, 10-11.
Page 32 of note 1 After conversations with the itinerant preacher, Malan. See Wrangham MSS, Box 7, nos. 3-5; Ashwell, A. R., Life of Samuel Wilberforce, 1880, I, 36-8Google Scholar.
Page 32 of note 2 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191 (b), 31 August 1832.
Page 32 of note 3 Wrangham MSS, Box 5; no. 79, 11 June 1833.
Page 32 of note 4 Christopher Dawson, The Spirit of the Oxford Movement, 1945, 44.
Page 33 of note 1 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191 (b), 12 Sept. 1833.
Page 33 of note 2 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 186, Diary no. 1, 25 October 1830.
Page 33 of note 3 See, for instance, Samuel’s masterly treatment of an Irvingite deputation as recorded in Ashwell, A. R., op. cit., I, 99–100 Google Scholar (Wrangham MSS, Box 5, no. 120,13 April 1836); also his contention that Calvinism was essentially unscriptural comes out in his criticism of his sister Lizzy’s husband, a Mr. James of Rawmarsh, in Wrangham MSS, Box 5, no. 22.
Page 34 of note 1 e.g. Marianne Thornton’s estimate of the match in E. M. Forster, Marianne Thornton. A Domestic Biography, 1956, 42-3.
Page 34 of note 2 Henfield MSS, James Stephen Letters, no. 2, 27 Feb. 1835.
Page 35 of note 1 Birmingham Oratory, Box 119, no. 133, 15 March 1835.
Page 35 of note 2 Henfield MSS, Letters of Barbara Wilberforce, 7 Feb. 1825.
Page 35 of note 3 Henfield MSS, Samuel Wilberforce to his father, 21 June 1823.
Page 35 of note 4 Wrangham MSS, Box 5, no. 182, 24 May 1838. Cf. also Box 6, no. 300.
Page 35 of note 5 Wrangham MSS, Box 7, no. 167.
Page 36 of note 1 F. Rolfe (Baron Corvo), Hadrian the Seventh, 1950 edn., 26.
Page 36 of note 2 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191, 21 Aug. 1837.
Page 37 of note 1 Ashwell, A. R., op. cit., I, 217-8Google Scholar.
Page 37 of note 2 The Croker Papers, edited L. J. Jennings, 1884, II, 410-411.
Page 37 of note 3 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191, especially the letters dated 22 April 1835; 23 January 1838.
Page 38 of note 1 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191, 14 Feb. 1832.
Page 38 of note 2 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 190, 29 Jan. 1838.
Page 39 of note 1 See the letter to George Ryder in 1832: ‘The celibate is a high state of life to which the multitude of men cannot aspire—I do not say that those who adopt it are necessarily better than others, though the noblest ethos is situated in that state.’ M. Trevor, Newman, The Pillar of the Cloud, 1962, 159.
Page 39 of note 2 From the sermon ‘Feasting in Captivity’ in Sermons bearing on Subjects of the Day, 1918 edn., 390.
Page 39 of note 3 See the letter written, but not sent, to Henry Wilberforce, after Newman had heard of his engagement to Mary Sargent: ‘Why must I give my heart to those who will not... take charge of it?’etc. M.Trevor, op. cit.. 161.
Page 39 of note 4 Birmingham Oratory, Froude Papers, Letter of S. Wilberforce to R.H.F., 9 October 1827.
Page 40 of note 1 Wrangham MSS, Box 5, no. 187, 29 Nov. 1838.
Page 40 of note 2 British Critic, XXI, no. xli, Jan. 1837, 178-180.
Page 40 of note 3 Wrangham MSS, Box 5, no. 167; Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191, 13 June 1838; Ashwell, A. R., op. cit., 1,120 Google Scholar.
Page 40 of note 4 S. Wilberforce, Six Sermons preached before the University of Oxford ... in the years 1837, 1838, 1839, 2nd edn. 1848, v-vi.
Page 41 of note 1 Wrangham MSS, Box 6, no. 237, 8 June 1842.
Page 41 of note 2 Purcell, E. S., Life of Cardinal Manning, 1896,I, 269 Google Scholar.
Page 42 of note 1 A. M. Allchin, The Silent Rebellion, 1958, esp. 196.
Page 42 of note 2 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191, 13 Nov. 1845.
Page 43 of note 1 Wrangham MSS, Box 6, no. 313, 27 Dec. 1846. Cf. Box 6, no. 448 on the ordination of September 1852, ‘Not one Low churchman in the set.’
Page 43 of note 2 W. O. Chadwick, The Founding of Cuddesdon, 1954, 17.
Page 43 of note 3 R. K. Pugh, op. cit., 256-7.
Page 43 of note 4 Ashwell, A. R., op. cit.,I,333-4Google Scholar.
Page 44 of note 1 S. Wilberforce, A Charge delivered to the Clergy of Oxford at his Primary Visitation, 1848, 40-41; see also S. Wilberforce, Pride a Hindrance to True Knowledge (University Sermon of June 1847).
Page 44 of note 2 T. W. Allies, A Life’s Decision, 1880, esp. 211: ‘I never could find any solid core of truth in him,’ in his conduct to me. ... I lived under what I will not call his crosier, but his stick. ... I never conceived so great an antipathy for anyone as for this brandisher of episcopal authority’.
Page 45 of note 1 W. O. Chadwick, op. cit., 51.
Page 45 of note 2 Ashwell, A. R. and Wilberforce, R. G., op. cit., II, 367-8Google Scholar.
Page 45 of note 1 Ibid., I, 410-411; W. O. Chadwick, op. cit., 52.
Page 45 of note 2 Stopford Brooke, A. (editor), Life and Letters of F. W. Robertson, 1865, I, 125 Google Scholar.
Page 45 of note 3 Bodleian Library, Wilberforce Dep., c. 191, 13 Nov. 1845.
Page 45 of note 4 Henfield MSS, Letters of B. A. Wilberforce, 27 Dec. 1841.
Page 47 of note 1 Church, R. W., Occasional Papers, II, 337 Google Scholar.
Page 47 of note 2 Gladstone twice took him to task for this. See Henfield MSS, Gladstone Letters, nos. 7 (3 Dec. 1843) and 156 (12 Sept. 1869).