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Non-deep simple and deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of three species of Ilex from subtropical and tropical regions of Taiwan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2023

Chiung-Pin Liu Open the ORCID record for Chiung-Pin Liu [Opens in a new window] ,
Shun-Ying Chen ,
Carol C. Baskin  and
Ching-Te Chien
Chiung-Pin Liu*
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan
Shun-Ying Chen
Affiliation:
Lienhuachih Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 43 Hualong Lane, Yuchi Township, Nantou County 55543, Taiwan
Carol C. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0312, USA
Ching-Te Chien
Affiliation:
Division of Silviculture, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, 53 Nan-Hai Road, Taipei 10066, Taiwan
*
*Author For Correspondence: Chiung-Pin Liu, E-mail: cpliu@nchu.edu.tw
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Abstract

Dormancy-breaking requirements and level of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) were determined for seeds of Ilex formosana and I. uraiensis from the subtropical region, and seeds of I. rotunda from both the subtropical and tropical regions of Taiwan. We hypothesized that some Ilex species would have deep simple MPD broken by warm stratification. Germination of seeds and embryo growth was monitored at 30/20, 25/15, 20/10, 15/5°C and at 25°C. Seeds were cold-stratified and then incubated at 25/15°C, and seeds treated with GA3 and GA4 were incubated at 25/15°C. Fresh seeds reached 50% germination after 11–45 weeks of warm stratification. Pre-treatment with GA increased germination percentages of I. formosana and I. rotunda (tropical) but not I. uraiensis and I. rotunda (subtropical), while cold stratification did not promote germination of either species but increased the germination rate of I. rotunda (tropical). Embryo length in seeds of all species increased ≥710% prior to root emergence, and growth occurred during warm stratification. The positive response to GA and relatively short time for beginning of germination and to reach 50% germination indicate non-deep simple MPD in seeds of I. formosana and I. rotunda (tropical). The negative response to GA and long time for beginning of germination and to reach 50% germination indicate deep simple MPD in seeds of I. uraiensis and I. rotunda (subtropical). Thus, in both the subtropical and tropical regions of Taiwan, the seeds of Ilex species have non-deep simple and deep simple MPD that are broken by warm stratification. Furthermore, GA treatment increases the germination rate and percentage of Ilex seeds with non-deep simple MPD, and cold stratification promotes the seed germination rate of Ilex species with non-deep simple MPD in tropical region.

Keywords

cold stratificationembryo lengthgibberellinsIlexmorphophysiological dormancyseed germinationseed length ratiounderdeveloped embryo
Type
Research Paper
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , March 2023 , pp. 50 - 57
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press

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