¹ Adrián Cardil et al., ‘Recent deforestation drove the spike in Amazonian fires’, Environmental Research Letters, 15 (2020), p. 121103.

² Joel H. Ellwanger et al., ‘Beyond biodiversity loss and climate change: Impacts of Amazon deforestation on infectious diseases and public health’, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 92:1 (2020), p. e20191375.

³ Thomas Lovejoy and Carlos Nobre, ‘Amazon tipping point: Last chance for action’, Science Advances, 5:2 (2019), p. eaba2949; Arie Staal et al., ‘Hysteresis of tropical forests in the 21^st century’, Nature Communications, 11:1 (2020), p. 4978. See also Joana Castro Pereira and Eduardo Viola, Climate Change and Biodiversity Governance in the Amazon: At the Edge of Ecological Collapse? (New York, NY: Routledge, 2022).

⁴ Cardil et al., ‘Recent deforestation’.

⁵ Joana Castro Pereira and Eduardo Viola, ‘Brazilian climate policy (1992–2019): An exercise in strategic diplomatic failure’, Contemporary Politics, early access (2021).

⁶ Rhett A. Butler, ‘How the pandemic impacted rainforests in 2020: A year in review’, Mongabay, available at: {https://news.mongabay.com/2020/12/how-the-pandemic-impacted-rainforests-in-2020/} accessed 11 March 2021.

⁷ Rainforest Foundation Norway, State of the Tropical Rainforest: The Complete Overview of the Tropical Rainforest, Past and Present (Oslo, 2021), p. 3.

⁸ Ismael Nobre and Carlos Nobre, ‘The Amazonia third way initiative: The role of technology to unveil the potential of a novel tropical biodiversity-based economy’, in Luis Loures (ed.), Land Use: Assessing the Past, Envisioning the Future (London, UK: InterchOpen, 2019), pp. 183–213.

⁹ Henry D. Thoreau, Walden, or, Life in the Woods (Boston, MA: Ticknor and Fields, 1854).

¹⁰ Malhi, Yadvinder, ‘The concept of the Anthropocene’, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 42:1 (2017), pp. 77–104CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

¹¹ Erle Ellis et al., ‘Used planet: A global history’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110:20 (2013), pp. 7978–85.

¹² Hamilton, Clive, ‘The Anthropocene as rupture’, The Anthropocene Review, 3:2 (2016), pp. 93–106CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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¹⁴ Frank Biermann et al., ‘Navigating the Anthropocene: Improving Earth system governance’, Science, 335:6074 (2012), pp. 1306–07.

¹⁵ Rasmus Karlsson, ‘Conflicting temporalities and the ecomodernist vision of rewilding’, in Joana Castro Pereira and André Saramago (eds), Non-Human Nature in World Politics: Theory and Practice (Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020), pp. 91–109.

¹⁶ Anthony Burke and Stefanie Fishel, ‘Across species and borders: Political representation, ecological democracy and the non-human’, in Pereira and Saramago (eds), Non-Human Nature, pp. 33–52.

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²⁰ Eva Lövbrand, Malin Mobjörk, and Rickard Söder, ‘The Anthropocene and the geo-political imagination: Re-writing Earth as political space’, Earth System Governance, 4 (2020), pp. 4–5.

²¹ Jairus Grove, ‘The geopolitics of extinction: From the Anthropocene to the Eurocene’, in Daniel McCarthy (ed.), Technology and World Politics: An Introduction (New York, NY: Routledge, 2018), pp. 204–23.

²² Alf Hornborg, ‘The political ecology of the Technocene: Uncovering ecologically unequal exchange in the world-system’, in Clive Hamilton, Francoise Gemenne, and Christophe Bonneuil (eds), The Anthropocene and the Global Environmental Crisis (New York, NY: Routledge, 2015), pp. 57–69.

²³ Donna Haraway, ‘Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Plantationocene, Chthulucene: Making kin’, Environmental Humanities, 6 (2015), pp. 159–65.

²⁴ Marisol de la Cadena, ‘Uncommoning nature: Stories from the Anthropo-Not-Seen’, in Penny Harvey, Christian Krohn-Hansen, and Knut Nustad (eds), Anthropos and the Material (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2019).

²⁵ Donna Haraway, Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2016).

²⁶ Bruno Latour, Down to Earth: Politics in the New Climatic Regime (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2018); Carolyn Merchant, The Anthropocene & the Humanities: From Climate Change to a New Age of Sustainability (London, UK: Yale University Press, 2020); Pierre Charbonnier, Affluence and Freedom: An Environmental History of Political Ideas (Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2021).

²⁷ Charbonnier, Affluence and Freedom.

²⁸ Latour, Down to Earth.

²⁹ Merchant, The Anthropocene & the Humanities.

³⁰ Doyle Mckey, ‘Pre-Columbian human cccupation of Amazonia and its influence on current landscapes and biodiversity’, Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 91:Suppl. 3 (2019), p. e20190087.

³¹ Roosevelt, Anna, ‘The Amazon and the Anthropocene: 13,000 years of human influence in a tropical rainforest’, Anthropocene, 4 (2013), pp. 69–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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³³ Pereira and Viola, Climate Change and Biodiversity Governance in the Amazon.

³⁴ Ceddia, M. Graziano, ‘The impact of income, land, and wealth inequality on agricultural expansion in Latin America’, Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116:7 (2019), pp. 2527–32CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

³⁵ For example, the conflict between rice producing landowners who arrived in the Amazon through colonisation programmes promoted by the federal government and indigenous peoples over the creation of the Raposa Serra do Sol reserve in the second half of the 2000s. The former argued that the demarcation of indigenous lands was an obstacle to regional economic development. Rice producers’ conception of land was one of individual ownership, intensive agricultural use, and market-oriented production. This clashed with indigenous communities’ idea of communal land tenure, subsistence economy practices, and territorial self-governance. Despite the conflict, the reserve was eventually created, but with a number of conditions, including the right of the Brazilian state to freely exploit the land and its resources in accordance with national interest. See Zhouri, Andréa, ‘“Adverse forces” in the Brazilian Amazon: Developmentalism versus environmentalism and indigenous rights’, The Journal of Environment & Development, 19:3 (2010), pp. 252–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

³⁶ See Rachael D. Garrett et al., ‘Forests and sustainable development in the Brazilian Amazon: History, trends, and future prospects’, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 46 (2021), pp. 625–52.

³⁷ The approval, in 2012, of a reform to the country's Forest Code promoted by the powerful agribusiness lobby that largely reduced environmental protections, and the dominance of the bioeconomy agenda in Brazil by the same lobby, which is limiting the bioeconomy's potential for job creation, local development, and biodiversity conservation, in an effort to preserve the structural social and political inequalities that benefit the sector, are illustrative of such reality. See, for example, Mairon G. Bastos Lima, ‘Corporate power in the bioeconomy transition: The policies and politics of conservative ecological modernization in Brazil’, Sustainability, 13 (2021), p. 6952.

³⁸ A key factor for understanding the isolated period of strong deforestation control in the Brazilian Amazon between 2005 and 2012. See Pereira and Viola, Climate Change and Biodiversity Governance in the Amazon.

³⁹ Marie-Claude Smouts, Tropical Forests, International Jungle: The Underside of Global Ecopolitics (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003); Zhouri, ‘“Adverse forces” in the Brazilian Amazon’; Violeta R. Loureiro, ‘The Amazon before the Brazilian environmental issue’, in Liz-Rejane Issberner and Phillipe Léna (eds), Brazil in the Anthropocene: Conflicts Between Predatory Development and Environmental Policies (New York, NY: Routledge, 2017), pp. 62–81; Marianne Schmink et al., ‘From contested to “green” frontiers in the Amazon? A long-term analysis of São Félix do Xingu, Brazil’, The Journal of Peasant Studies, 46:2 (2019), pp. 377–99; Garrett et al., ‘Forests and sustainable development in the Brazilian Amazon’; Pereira and Viola, Climate Change and Biodiversity Governance in the Amazon. Similar processes have taken place in other tropical countries. On the Indonesian case, see, for instance, Anna L. Tsing, Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005).

⁴⁰ Bruno Latour et al., ‘Down to earth social movements: An interview with Bruno Latour’, Social Movement Studies, 17:3 (2018), p. 354.

⁴¹ Pereira and Viola, ‘Brazilian climate policy (1992–2019)’.

⁴² Cardil et al., ‘Recent deforestation’.

⁴³ Piauí, ‘Sob Bolsonaro, Invasões de Terras Indígenas Superam 2018’, available at: {https://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/sob-bolsonaro-invasoes-de-terras-indigenas-superam-2018/} accessed 25 February 2020.

⁴⁴ For a comprehensive analysis of regional power differentials and the tensions between developmentalism and environmentalism in the Amazonian countries, see Pereira and Viola, Climate Change and Biodiversity Governance in the Amazon.

⁴⁵ Carolina Valladares and Rutgerd Boelens, ‘Extractivism and the rights of nature: Governmentality, “convenient communities” and epistemic pacts in Ecuador’, Environmental Politics, 26:6 (2017), pp. 1015–34; Paola V. Calzadilla and Louis Kotzé, ‘Living in harmony with nature? A critical appraisal of the rights of Mother Earth in Bolivia’, Transnational Environmental Law, 7:3 (2018), pp. 397–424.

⁴⁶ Andreucci, Diego, ‘Populism, hegemony, and the politics of natural resource extraction in Evo Morales's Bolivia’, Antipode, 50:4 (2017), pp. 825–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Morley, Joanna, ‘“Beggars sitting on a sack of gold”: Oil exploration in the Ecuadorian Amazon as buen vivir and sustainable development’, The International Journal of Human Rights, 21:4 (2017), pp. 405–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁴⁷ Japhy Wilson and Manuel Bayón, ‘The nature of post-neoliberalism: Building bio-socialism in the Ecuadorian Amazon’, Geoforum, 81 (2017), pp. 55–65; Pierre Gautreau and Laetitia Bruslé, ‘Forest management in Bolivia under Evo Morales: The challenges of post-neoliberalism’, Political Geography, 68 (2019), pp. 110–21.

⁴⁸ Cardil et al., ‘Recent deforestation’.

⁴⁹ Pereira and Viola, Climate Change and Biodiversity Governance in the Amazon.

⁵⁰ Ibid.

⁵¹ Cardil et al., ‘Recent deforestation’.

⁵² Rosi Braidotti, The Posthuman (Cambridge and Malden, UK: Polity Press, 2013), p. 69.

⁵³ Tamara Trownsell et al., ‘Recrating International Relations through relationality’, E-International Relations, available at: {https://www.e-ir.info/2019/01/08/recrafting-international-relations-through-relationality/} accessed 13 December 2021.

⁵⁴ Marisol de la Cadena and Mario Blaser, A World of Many Worlds (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018).

⁵⁵ Bruno Latour, Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2005); Haraway, Staying with the Trouble.

⁵⁶ Trownsell et al., ‘Recrafting International Relations through relationality'.

⁵⁷ de la Cadena and Blaser, A World of Many Worlds.

⁵⁸ Alexander Barnard, ‘“We are the Lungs of the World”: Popular Environmentalism and the Local Politics of

Climate Change in the Ecuadorian Amazon’ (MA Phil. thesis, University of Oxford, UK, 2011).

⁵⁹ Oliver Phillips and Roel Brienen, ‘Carbon uptake by mature Amazon forests has mitigated Amazon nations’ carbon emissions’, Carbon Balance Manage, 12:1 (2017), p. 1.

⁶⁰ Ryan Scarrow, ‘Frontiers and deforestation’, Nature Plants, 5:124 (2019), pp. 585–612.

⁶¹ Glenn Hurowitz, Mat Jacobson, Etelle Higonnet, and Lucia von Reusner, ‘The companies behind the burning of the Amazon’, Mighty Earth, available at: {https://stories.mightyearth.org/amazonfires/index.html} accessed 23 July 2020.

⁶² Because of the diverse ways of seeing the Amazon, it is difficult to build a perception of the region that can speak for the many narratives that are embedded in different social, economic, political, and cultural representations. In this article, our main aim is not to analyse each narrative and perception, but to provide insights into ways of relating to the forest that could promote more humble and reverential attitudes towards the Amazon and the other-than-human beings it hosts.

⁶³ Thomas, Nicholas, ‘The case of the misplaced ponchos: Speculations concerning the history of cloth in Polynesia’, Journal of Material Culture, 4:1 (1999), pp. 5–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Harrison, Rodney, ‘The magical virtue of these sharp things: Colonialism, mimesis and knapped bottle glass artefacts in Australia’, Journal of Material Culture, 8:3 (2003), pp. 311–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁶⁴ Daniel Miller, Material Culture and Mass Consumption (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1987).

⁶⁵ Robert Foley and Marta Mirazón Lahr, ‘Lithic landscapes: Early human impact from stone tool production on the central Saharan environment’, PLoS One, 10:3 (2015), p. e0116482.

⁶⁶ Fridolin Krausmann et al., ‘Growth in global materials use, GDP and population during the 20^th century’, Ecological Economics, 68:10 (2009), pp. 2696–705.

⁶⁷ Kevin Morrison, Living in a Material World: The Commodity Connection (Chichester, UK: Wiley, 2008), p. 2.

⁶⁸ Smouts, Tropical Forests, International Jungle.

⁶⁹ Morrison, Living in a Material World.

⁷⁰ Picq, Manuela, ‘Rethinking IR from the Amazon’, Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 59:2 (2016), p. e003CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁷¹ Laura J. Sonter et al., ‘Mining drives extensive deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon’, Nature Communications, 8 (2017), p. 1013.

⁷² Randhir, Timothy, ‘Globalization impacts on local commons: Multiscale strategies for socioeconomic and ecological resilience’, International Journal of the Commons, 10:1 (2016), pp. 387–404CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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⁷⁴ Ibid.

⁷⁵ Manuel M. Costoya, ‘Latin American post-neoliberal development thinking: The Bolivian “turn” toward Suma Qamaña’, The European Journal of Development Research, 25:2 (2013), p. 2.

⁷⁶ Yuval Harari, Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind (New York, NY: Harper Collins, 2014).

⁷⁷ Joseph Henrich and Richard McElreath, ‘The evolution of cultural evolution’, Evolutionary Archaeology, 12 (2003), pp. 123–35.

⁷⁸ Ailton Krenak and Maurício Meirelles, ‘Our worlds are at war’, e-flux Journal, available at: {https://www.e-flux.com/journal/110/335038/our-worlds-are-at-war/} accessed 13 December 2021.

⁷⁹ Owen Flanagan, The Really Hard Problem: Meaning in a Material World (Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2007), p. xi.

⁸⁰ Harari, Sapiens.

⁸¹ Leon Festinger, A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1957).

⁸² Inoue, Cristina Y. A., ‘Worlding the study of global environmental politics in the Anthropocene: Indigenous voices from the Amazon’, Global Environmental Politics, 18:4 (2018), pp. 25–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

⁸³ Lagrou, ‘Copernicus in the Amazon’, p. 134.

⁸⁴ David Maybury-Lewis, Akwe-Shavante Society (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1967).

⁸⁵ Kohn, Eduardo, ‘How dogs dream: Amazonian natures and the politics of transspecies engagement’, American Ethnologist, 34:1 (2007), pp. 3–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Carlos Fausto, ‘A blend of blood and tobacco: Shamans and jaguars among the Parakaná of eastern Amazonia’, in Neil Whitehead and Robin Wright (eds), Darkness and Secrecy: The Anthropology of Assault, Sorcery, and Witchcraft in Amazonia (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2007).

⁸⁶ Theresa Miller, ‘Maize as Material Culture? Amazonian Theories of Persons and Things’, available at: {https://www.anthro.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/anthro/documents/media/jaso3_1_2011_67_89.pdf} accessed 28 September 2020.

⁸⁷ Inoue, ‘Worlding the study of global environmental politics in the Anthropocene’, p. 26.

⁸⁸ Ibid.

⁸⁹ Narciso Barrera-Bassols, J. Alfred Zinck, and Eric Van Ranst, ‘Symbolism, knowledge and management of soil and land resources in Indigenous communities: Ethnopedology at global, regional and local scales’, Catena, 65:2 (2016), p. 126.

⁹⁰ Ibid.

⁹¹ Ibid., pp. 128–30.

⁹² Valéria M. C. de Melo, ‘Diversidade, Meio Ambiente e Educação: Uma Reflexão a Partir da Sociedade Xerente’ (Master's dissertation, CIAMB/UFT, Goiânia, Brazil, 2000).

⁹³ Inoue, ‘Worlding the study of global environmental politics in the Anthropocene’.

⁹⁴ Ibid., p. 37.

⁹⁵ Ibid.

⁹⁶ Edilene Coffaci de Lima, ‘Com os Olhos da Serpente: Homens, Animais e Espíritos nas Concepções Katukina Sobre a Natureza’ (PhD dissertation, USP, São Paulo, 2000).

⁹⁷ Graham Townsley, ‘Ideas of Order and Patterns of Change in Yaminahua Society’ (PhD dissertation, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK, 1988).

⁹⁸ Els Lagrou, ‘Uma Etnografia da Cultura Kaxinawá: Entre a Cobra e o Inca’ (MA dissertation, PPGAS/Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, 1991), p. 28.

⁹⁹ Els Lagrou, A Fluidez da Forma: Arte, Alteridade e Agência em uma Sociedade Amazônica (Kaxinawa, Acre) (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Topbooks, 2007); Oscar Calavia Sáez, O Nome e o Tempo Yaminawa: Etnologia e História dos Yaminawa do Rio Acre (São Paulo, Brazil: Editora UNESP, 2006).

¹⁰⁰ Ruth D. B. Lopes, ‘Lições da Cobra: Uma Leitura da Etnologia Pano’ (Master's dissertation, UFF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 2010).

¹⁰¹ Ibid., p. 59.

¹⁰² Ibid., p. 56.

¹⁰³ Miller, ‘Maize as Material Culture?’, p. 78.

¹⁰⁴ Ibid.

¹⁰⁵ Ibid., p. 78.

¹⁰⁶ Ibid., p. 79.

¹⁰⁷ Ibid.

¹⁰⁸ Lagrou, ‘Copernicus in the Amazon’.

¹⁰⁹ Lagrou, A Fluidez da Forma.

¹¹⁰ Calavia Sáez, O Nome e o Tempo Yaminawa, p. 479.

¹¹¹ Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, A Inconstância da Alma Selvagem e Outras Ensaios de Antropologia (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: Cosac and Naify, 2002).

¹¹² Philippe Descola, The Spears of Twilight: Life and Death in the Amazon Jungle (London, UK: Flamingo, 1997).

¹¹³ Davi Kopenawa and Bruce Albert, The Falling Sky: Words of a Yanomami Shaman (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010).

¹¹⁴ Edilene Coffaci de Lima, ‘A onomástica katukina é Pano?’, Revista de Antropologia, 40:2 (1997), pp. 7–30.

¹¹⁵ Ibid.

¹¹⁶ Lopes, ‘Lições da Cobra’, p. 17.

¹¹⁷ Ibid.

¹¹⁸ Ibid.

¹¹⁹ Stewart Guthrie, Faces in the Clouds: A New Theory of Religion (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1995).

¹²⁰ Eduardo Kohn, How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology Beyond the Human (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press 2013), p. 21.

¹²¹ George K. Park, ‘Animism’, Encyclopedia Britannica, available at: {https://www.britannica.com/topic/animism} accessed 28 September 2020.

¹²² Whitney J. Autin, ‘Multiple dichotomies of the Anthropocene’, The Anthropocene Review, 3:3 (2016), pp. 218–30.

¹²³ Philippe Descola, Par-delà Nature et Culture (Paris: Gallimard, 2005); Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Os Pronomes Cosmológicos e o Perspectivismo Ameríndio (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Museu Nacional, 1996), pp. 115–44; Viveiros de Castro, A Inconstância da Alma.

¹²⁴ Fernando Santos-Granero, ‘Introduction: Amerindian constructional views of the world’, in Fernando Santos-Granero (ed.), The Occult Life of Things: Native Amazonian Theories of Materiality and Personhood (Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 2009).

¹²⁵ Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, ‘Cosmological deixis and Amer-Indian perspectivism’, The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 4:3 (1998), p. 469.

¹²⁶ Miller, ‘Maize as Material Culture?’.

¹²⁷ Marisol de la Cadena, ‘Runa: Human but not only’, Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 4:2 (2014), p. 255.

¹²⁸ Tim Ingold, Being Alive: Essays on Movement, Knowledge and Description (New York, NY: Routledge, 2011).

¹²⁹ de la Cadena, ‘Runa’.

¹³⁰ Miller, ‘Maize as a Material Culture?’.

¹³¹ Ibid., p. 82.

¹³² Ibid.

¹³³ Kohn, How Forests Think.

¹³⁴ Ibid.

¹³⁵ Thoreau, Walden, or, Life in the Woods.

¹³⁶ Trownsell et al., ‘Recrafting International Relations through relationality’.

¹³⁷ Ibid.

¹³⁸ Nobre and Nobre, ‘The Amazonia third way’.

¹³⁹ Ibid.

¹⁴⁰ Paul Sillitoe, ‘Knowing the land: Soil and land resource evaluation and indigenous knowledge’, Soil Use and Management, 14 (1998), pp. 188–93.

¹⁴¹ Boaventura de Sousa Santos, ‘Epistemologies of the South and the future’, From the European South, 1 (2016), p. 22.

¹⁴² Amaya Querejazu, ‘Why relational encounters?’, International Studies Perspectives, 22:1 (2021), pp. 8–11.

¹⁴³ Nobre and Nobre, ‘The Amazonia third way’.

¹⁴⁴ Ibid., p. 191.

¹⁴⁵ José A. Portinho, Livia M. Zimmermann, and M. R. Bruck, ‘Beneficial effects of Açaí’, International Journal of Nutrology, 5:1 (2012), pp. 15–20.

¹⁴⁶ Victoria Montes-Fuentes, ‘Terapia fotodinâmica mediada por nanoemulsão à base de óleo de açaí (Euterpe Oleracea Martius) para o tratamento de melanoma in vitro e in vivo’ (PhD dissertation, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil, 2014).

¹⁴⁷ Alessandra F. N. Domingues et al., ‘Pigmentos antociânicos do açaí (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.) como evidenciadores de biofilme dental’, in J. Pessoa and G. Teixeira (eds), Tecnologias para inovação nas cadeias Euterpe (Brasília, Brazil: Embrapa, 2012).

¹⁴⁸ Evanildo da Silveira, ‘Plástico de açaí’, Revista Pesquisa FAPESP, 260 (2017), pp. 56–7.

¹⁴⁹ Kaoru Yuyama et al., ‘Camu-camu: Um fruto fantástico como fonte de vitamina C’, Acta Amazonica, 32:1 (2002), pp. 169–74; Paulo Carvalho, Cumaru-Ferro, Comunicado Técnico 225 (EMBRAPA, 2009); Vanessa Kimura et al., ‘The effect of Andiroba oil and Chitosan concentration on the physical properties of Chitosan emulsion film’, Polímeros, 26:2 (2016), pp. 168–75.

¹⁵⁰ P. E. Rajasekharan and K. Souravi, ‘Indigenous knowledge and intellectual property rights’, in Sabu Abdulhameed, N. S. Pradeep, and Shiburaj Sugathan (eds), Bioresources and Bioprocess in Biotechnology (Singapore: Springer Nature, 2017), pp. 125–42.

¹⁵¹ Maria Fernanda Gebara, ‘Why We Should Learn How to Listen to Other Than Human Beings’, Forestless, available at: {https://forestless.net/2020/07/19/why-we-should-learn-how-to-listen-to-other-than-human-beings/} accessed 2 October 2020.

¹⁵² Robin Kimmerer, Braiding Sweetgrass (Minneapolis, MN: Milkweed Editions, 2013); Ligia Duque Platero, ‘The Muká Diet of the Yawanawá Indigenous People in Acre, Brazil’, Chacruna, available at: {https://chacruna.net/muka-diet-yawanawa-indigenous-people/} accessed 2 October 2010; Leopardo Yawa Bane, ‘My Degree is from the Forest’, Chacruna, available at: {https://chacruna.net/my-degree-is-from-the-forest/} accessed 2 October 2020.

¹⁵³ Michael Marder, ‘The time of plants’, in Michael Marder (ed.), Plant-Thinking: A Philosophy of Vegetal Life (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 2013), pp. 93–117.

¹⁵⁴ Michael Pollan, How to Change Your Mind: What the New Science of Psychedelics Teaches Us About Consciousness, Dying, Addiction, Depression, and Transcendence (New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2018).

¹⁵⁵ Tom Phillips, ‘“We are on the eve of a genocide”: Brazil urged to save Amazon tribes from Covid-19’, The Guardian (3 May 2020), available at: {https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/03/eve-of-genocide-brazil-urged-save-amazon-tribes-covid-19-sebastiao-salgado} accessed 2 October 2020.

¹⁵⁶ Lily Ling, The Dao of World Politics: Towards a Post-Westphalian Worldist International Relations (London, UK: Routledge, 2014).

¹⁵⁷ Inoue, ‘Worlding the study of global environmental politics in the Anthropocene’.

¹⁵⁸ Ling, The Dao of World Politics, p. 21.

¹⁵⁹ Kohn, How Forests Think, p. 6.

¹⁶⁰ Gregory Bateson, Mind and Nature: A Necessary Unity (Creskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2002); Terrence Deacon, The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Brain (New York, NY: Norton, 1997); Jesper Hoff Mayer, Biosemiotics: An Examination into the Signs of Life and the Life of Signs (Scranton, PA: University of Scranton Press, 2008).

¹⁶¹ Trownsell, ‘Recrafting International Relations through relationality’.

¹⁶² Ibid.

¹⁶³ Escobar, Arturo, ‘Thinking-feeling with the Earth: Territorial struggles and the ontological dimension of the epistemologies of the South’, Revista de Antropología Iberoamericana, 11:1 (2016), p. 13Google Scholar.

¹⁶⁴ Portal Amazônia, ‘Lenda do Açaí’, available at: {https://portalamazonia.com/amazonia-az/letra-l/lenda-do-acai} accessed 2 October 2020.