Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-mp689 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T03:53:06.570Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Visitors, Display, and Reception in the Antiquity Collectionsof Late-Renaissance Rome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

Abstract

This essay examines visitors’ experiences in the antiquity collections of Rome between 1550 and 1600. It argues that access to private collections was not as casual as has previously been thought, but that, in fact, it is possible to identify changes in the reception of visitors in this period as the city’s collections became increasingly public and institutionalized. Particular pressures on ecclesiastical collectors and parallels elsewhere in the development of the display of objects can explain the change at Rome: because of the city’s centrality, its collections serve as an important case study for a wider phenomenon, the growth of the museum.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © 2005 Renaissance Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

An inchoate version of this essay was read at the 2002 Meeting of the RSA, in Scottsdale, Arizona. I am grateful to the audience there for comments, and particularly to Kathleen Christian, Tanya Pollard, Guido Rebecchini, and the two RQ readers for their helpful suggestions on the written version. Unless otherwise noted, all translations are my own.

References

Agustín, Antonio. Opera omnia. 8 vols. Lucca, 1766.Google Scholar
Alberti, Leon Battista. On the Art of Building. Trans. Joseph Rykwert, Neil Leach, and Robert Tavernor. Cambridge, MA and London, 1988.Google Scholar
Aldrovandi, Ulisse. “Delle statue antiche che per tutta Roma in diversi luoghi e case si veggono.” In Lucio Mauro, Le antichita de la citta di Roma, 115–316. Venice, 1556.Google Scholar
“Antichità possedute dal Card. Aless. Farnese.” Documenti inediti per servire alla storia dei musei d’Italia 4 (1880): 396–98.Google Scholar
Barkan, Leonard. Unearthing the Past: Archaeology and Aesthetics in the Making of Renaissance Culture. New Haven and London, 1999.Google Scholar
Barocchi, Paola, and Giovanna Gaeta Bertalà. Collezionismo mediceo e storia artistica. Vol.1, pt. 1, Da Cosimo I a Cosimo II, 1540–1621. Florence, 2002.Google Scholar
Belli Barsali, Isa. Ville di Roma. 2nd ed. Milan, 1983.Google Scholar
Belli Barsali, Isa. “I giardini di statue antiche nella Roma del ‘500.” In Gli orti farnesiani sul Palatino, ed. Cazzato, Vincenzo and Morganti, Giuseppe, 341–72. Rome, 1990.Google Scholar
Bentz, Katherine. “Cardinal Cesi and his Garden: Antiquities, Landscape and Social Identity in Early Modern Rome.” PhD diss., Pennsylvania State University, 2003.Google Scholar
Beschi, Luigi. “L’impegno antiquario di Bartolomeo Ammannati.” In Bartolomeo Ammannati: Scultore e ar-chitetto 1511–1592, ed. Niccolò Rosselli Del Turco and Salvi, Federica, 41–48. Florence, 1995.Google Scholar
Biroli Stefanelli, Lucia Pirzio. Palazzo della Valle: La collezione di antichità ed il Menologium rusticum vallense. Rome, 1976.Google Scholar
Bober, Phyllis Pray. “Francesco Lisca’s Collection of Antiquities: Footnote to a New Edition of Aldrovandi.” In Essays in the History of Art presented to Rudolf Wittkower, ed. Douglas Fraser, Howard Hibbard, and Milton J. Lewine, 119–22. London, 1967.Google Scholar
Bober, Phyllis Pray, and Rubinstein, Ruth. Renaissance Artists and Antique Sculpture: A Handbook of Sources. London and Oxford, 1986.Google Scholar
Boissard, Jean-Jacques. Romanae Urbis to-pographia et antiquitates. 6 vols. Frankfurt, 1597–1602.Google Scholar
Boissard, Jean-Jacques. “De antiqua Urbis Romanae situ et origine.” MS: Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, Lat. 12509 pt. 1, fols. 14r-41v.Google Scholar
Clifford M, Brown, Lorenzoni, Anna Maria. “Major and Minor Collections of Antiquities in Documents of the Later Sixteenth Century.” Art Bulletin 1984 66: 496507.Google Scholar
Brown, Clifford M., and Anna Maria Lorenzoni. Our Accustomed Discourse on the Antique: Cesare Gonzagaand Gerolamo Garimberto, Two Renaissance Collectors of Greco-Roman Art. New York and London, 1993.Google Scholar
Buchell, Arend van. Iter italicum. Ed. Rodolfo Lanciani. Rome, 1901.Google Scholar
Bury, Michael. The Print in Italy 1550–1620. London, 2001.Google Scholar
Butters, Suzanne. “Ammannati et la Villa Médicis.” In La Villa Médicis, ed. Chastel, André and Morel, Philippe, 2: 257–316. Rome, 1991.Google Scholar
Les Carrache et les décors profanes: Actes du Colloque organisé par l’école française de Rome (Rome, 2–4 octobre 1986). Rome, 1988.Google Scholar
Eliana, Carrara. “La nascita della descrizi-one antiquaria.” Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, 4th ser., Quaderni 2 (1998): 3149.Google Scholar
Chaney, Edward. The Grand Tour and the Great Rebellion: Richard Lassels and ‘The Voyage of Italy’ in the Seventeenth Century. Geneva, 1985.Google Scholar
Liliane, Châtelet-Lange. “Le ‘Museo di Vanves’ (1560): Collections de sculptures et musées au XVIe siècle en France.” Zeitschrift für Kunstgeschichte 38 (1975): 266–85.Google Scholar
Christian, Kathleen Wren. “The Birth of Antiquity Collections in Rome, 1450–1530.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 2003a.Google Scholar
Kathleen Wren, Christian. “The Della Valle Sculpture Court Rediscovered.” Burlington Magazine 145 (2003b): 847–50.Google Scholar
Christian, Kathleen Wren. “Pietas and Instauratio: The Della Valle Collections of Ancient Sculpture.” In Collecting Sculpture in Early Modern Europe, ed. Eike Schmidt. New Haven and London, Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Coffin, David R. The Villa in the Life of Renaissance Rome. Princeton, 1979.Google Scholar
David R, Coffin. “The ‘Lex Hortorum’ and Access to Gardens of Latium during the Renaissance.” Journal of Garden History 2 (1982): 201–32.Google Scholar
Coffin, David R. Gardens and Gardening in Papal Rome. Princeton, 1991.Google Scholar
Contarini, Luigi. L’antiquita, sito, chiese, corpi santi, relique et statue di Roma. Naples, 1569.Google Scholar
Le cose maravigliose de l’alma città di Roma. Venice, 1565.Google Scholar
Daly Davis, Margaret. Archäologie der Antike aus den Beständen der Herzog August Bibliothek 1500–1700. Wiesbaden, 1994.Google Scholar
De Benedictis, Cristina. Per la storia del collezionismo italiano: Fonti e docu-menti. Florence, 1991.Google Scholar
Delumeau, Jean. Vie économique et sociale de Rome dans la seconde moitié du XVIe siècle. 2 vols. Paris, 1957.Google Scholar
Pierre, De Nolhac. “Les collections d’antiquités de Fulvio Orsini.” Mé-langes d’archéologie et d’histoire, École française de Rome 4 (1884a): 139231.Google Scholar
Pierre, De Nolhac. “Lettere inedite del Cardinale de Granvelle a Fulvio Orsini e al Cardinale Sirleto.” Studi e documenti di storia e diritto 5 (1884b): 247–76.Google Scholar
De Nolhac, Pierre. La bibliothèque de Fulvio Orsini. 1887. Reprint, Geneva and Paris, 1976.Google Scholar
Sabine, Eiche. “On the Layout of the Cesi Palace and Gardens in the Vatican Borgo.” Mitteilungen des Kunsthisto-rischen Institutes in Florenz 39 (1995): 258–81.Google Scholar
Evelyn, John. The Diary. Ed. E. S. de Beer. 6 vols. Oxford, 1955.Google Scholar
Falguières, Patricia. “La cité fictive: Les collections de cardinaux, à Rome, au XVIe siècle.” In Les Carrache et les dé-cors profanes (1988), 215–333.Google Scholar
Falguières, Patricia. “Noë muséographe: note sur la culture de la curiosité, à Rome, au XVIIe siècle.” In Francesco Borromini: atti del convegno internazionale Roma 13–15 gennaio 2000, ed. Christoph Luitpold Frommel and Elisabeth Sladek, 335–41. Milan, 2000.Google Scholar
Tilman, Falk. “Studien zur Topographie und Geschichte der Villa Giulia in Rom.” Römisches Jahrbuch für Kunst-geschichte 13 (1971): 101–78.Google Scholar
Fantozzi, Agnese. Nota d’anticaglie et spoglie et cose maravigliose et grande sono nella cipta de Roma da vederle volentieri (B. I. A.S. A. Ms.51 A). Rome, 1984.Google Scholar
Paula, Findlen. “The Museum: Its Classical Etymology and Renaissance Genealogy.” Journal of the History of Collections 1 (1989): 5978.Google Scholar
Findlen, Paula. Possessing Nature: Museums, Collecting and Scientific Culture in Early Modern Italy. Berkeley and London, 1994.Google Scholar
Paula, Findlen. “Possessing the Past: The Material World of the Italian Renaissance.” American Historical Review 103 (1998): 83114.Google Scholar
Gigliola, Fragnito. “Cardinals’ Courts in Sixteenth-Century Rome.” Journal of Modern History 65 (1993): 2656.Google Scholar
Michele, Franceschini. “La magistratura capitolina e la tutela delle antichità di Roma nel XVI secolo.” Archivio della Società Romana di Storia Patria 109 (1986): 141–50.Google Scholar
Claudio, Franzoni. Remembranze d’infinite cose: Le collezioni rinasci-mentali di antichità.” In Memoria dell’antico nell’arte italiana 1 (1984): 298360.Google Scholar
Claudio, Franzoni. “Rodolfo Pio e una discussione antiquaria.” Prospettiva 65 (1992): 6669.Google Scholar
Franzoni, Claudio. “Urbe Roma in pristinam formam renascente: Le antichità di Roma du-rante il Rinascimento.” In Storia di Roma dall’antichità a oggi: Roma nel Rinascimento, ed. Antonio Pinelli, 291–336. Rome and Bari, 2001.Google Scholar
Franzoni, Claudio, Giorgia Mancini, and Tania Previdi. “Il Cardinale Rodolfo Pio da Carpi e gli inventari della col-lezione Romana.” In Gli inventari dell’eredità del Cardinale Rodolfo Pio da Carpi, ed. Claudio Franzoni, Giorgia Mancini, Tania Previdi, and Manuela Rossi, 11–17. Pisa, 2002.Google Scholar
Freedman, Luba. The Revival of the Olym-pian Gods in Renaissance Art. Cambridge, 2003.Google Scholar
Frommel, Christoph Luitpold. Der Rö-mische Palastbau der Hochrenaissance. 3 vols. Frankfurt, 1973.Google Scholar
Fulvio, Andrea. L’Antichità di Roma. Ed. Girolamo Ferrucci. Venice, 1588.Google Scholar
Daniela, Gallo. “Ulisse Aldrovandi, Le statue di Roma e i marmi Romani.” Mélanges de l’école française de Rome, Italie et Méditerranée 104, no. 2 (1992): 479–90.Google Scholar
Gallottini, Angela. “Collezionismo di an-tichità e produzione di stampe: prodromi e epigoni della Galleria Giustiniana.” In I Giustiniani e l’Antico, ed. Giulia Fosconi, 131–49. Rome, 2001.Google Scholar
Helge, Gamrath. “The History of a Success in the Italian Renaissance: The Farnese Family c. 1400–1600.” Analecta Romana Instituti Danici 24 (1997): 93111.Google Scholar
Carlo, Gasparri. “Su alcune vicende del collezionismo di antichità a Roma tra il XVI e il XVIII secolo: Este, Medici, Albani e altri.” Scienze dell’antichità 1 (1987): 257–75.Google Scholar
Gasparri, Carlo. “I marmi antichi di Ferdinando: Modelli e scelte di un grande collezi-onista.” In Villa Medici (1999), 46–57.Google Scholar
Gaurico, Pomponio. De sculptura. Ed. Paolo Cutolo. Naples, 1999.Google Scholar
Karl A., OSA, Gersbach. “Onofrio Panvinio, OSA, and his Florentine Correspondents Vincenzio Borghini, OSB, Pietro Vettori, Francesco de’ Medici.” Analecta Augustiniana 60 (1997): 207–79.Google Scholar
Gesche, Inga. “Neuaufstellung antiker Statuen und ihr Einfluß auf die rö-mische Renaissancearchitektur (Formen und Typen antikisierender Statuenaufstellung in römischer Renaissancearchitektur).” Inaugural-Dissertation, Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität, Frankfurt am Main, 1971.Google Scholar
Ghetti, Mario Lolli. “L’architettura per il cardinale Ferdinando.” In Villa Medici (1999), 74–87.Google Scholar
[sic], Gmelin. “Die Romreise des Salemer Conventuals und späteren Abtes, Matthäus Rot, 1554.” Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins Drawing 32 (1880): 234–73.Google Scholar
Hartswick, Kim J. The Gardens of Sallust: A Changing Landscape. Austin, 2004.Google Scholar
Haskell, Francis, and Nicholas Penny. Taste and the Antique: The Lure of Classical Sculpture, 1500–1900. New Haven and London, 1981.Google Scholar
Hentzner, Paul. Itinerarium Germaniae; Galliae; Angliae; Italiae. Nuremberg, 1612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christian, Hülsen. Review of Le statue di Roma. Band 1: Quellen und Samm-lungen, by Paul Gustav Hübner. Göttingische gelehrte Anzeigen 176 (1914): 257311.Google Scholar
Hülsen, Christian. Römische Antikengärten des XVI Jahrhunderts. Heidelberg, 1917.Google Scholar
Itinerarium Italiae totius .. nunc de novo in lucem editum, studio et industria trium nobilissimorum Germaniae adolescen-tum. Cologne, 1602.Google Scholar
Jones, Pamela M. Federico Borromeo and the Ambrosiana: Art Patronage and Reform in Seventeenth-Century Milan. Cambridge and New York, 1993.Google Scholar
Kaufmann, Thomas DaCosta. The Mastery of Nature: Aspects of Art, Science, and Humanism in the Renaissance. Princeton, 1993.Google Scholar
Paul M, Krieg. “Hans Hoch/Giovanni Alto, ein Schweizerischer Fremden-führer im Rom des 17. Jahrhunderts.” Römische Quartalschrift für christliche Altertumskunde und Kirchengeschichte 48 (1953): 225–36.Google Scholar
Lanciani, Rodolfo. Storia degli scavi di Roma. 7 vols. 1902–12. Reprint, Rome, 1989–2002.Google Scholar
Laureys, Marc. “Bartolomeo Marliano (1488–1566): Ein Antiquar des 16. Jahrhunderts.” In Antiquarische Gelehrsamkeit und bildende Kunst: Die Gegenwart der Antike in der Renaissance, ed. Gunter Schweikhart, 151–67. Cologne, 1996.Google Scholar
Marc, Laureys. “The Pagan and Christian Legacy of Rome in Pompeo Ugonio’s Oration Delingua Latina.” Neulateinisches Jahrbuch 2 (2000): 125–53.Google Scholar
Le Maistre, Charles. Voyage en Allemagne, Hongrie et Italie, 1664–1665. Ed. Patricia and Orest Ranum. Paris, 2003.Google Scholar
Lestringant, Frank. André Thevet, cosmographe des derniers Valois. Geneva, 1991.Google Scholar
Liebenwein, Wolfgang. Studiolo: Storia e ti-pologia di uno spazio culturale. Ed. Claudia Cieri Via. Trans. Alessandro Califano. Ferrara and Modena, 1988.Google Scholar
Elisabeth Blair, MacDougall. “A Circus, a Wild Man, and a Dragon: Family History and the Villa Mattei.” Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 42 (1983): 121–30.Google Scholar
Sara, Magister. “Censimento delle collezi-oni di antichità a Roma: 1471–1503.” Xenia Antiqua 8 (1999): 129204.Google Scholar
Sara, Magister. “Censimento delle collezioni di antichità a Roma (1471–1503): Addenda.” Xenia Antiqua 10 (2001): 113–54.Google Scholar
Mandowsky, Erna, and Charles Mitchell. Pirro Ligorio’s Roman Antiquities: The Drawings in MS XIII. B.7 in the National Library in Naples. London, 1963.Google Scholar
Marchesano, Louis. “A Social History of Representing Antiquities: Civility and Antiquarianism in Rome, 1550–1700.” PhD diss., Cornell University, 2001.Google Scholar
C, Marcora. “Il museo di S. Carlo.” Diocesi di Milano 5, no. 3 (1964): 150–54.Google Scholar
Margolin, Jean-Claude. “Promenades archéologiques au XVIe siècle: la Rome de Germain Audebert et celle de Jean-Jacques Boissard.” In Présence de l’Architecture et de l’urbanisme romains: Actes du colloque des 12, 13 décembre 1981: Hommage à Paul Du-fournet, ed. Raymond Chevallier, 195–229. Paris, 1983.Google Scholar
Marliani, Bartolomeo. Urbis Romae topo-graphia. Ed. Girolamo Ferrucci. Venice, 1588.Google Scholar
McGowan, Margaret M. The Vision of Rome in Late Renaissance France. New Haven and London, 2000.Google Scholar
Meganck, Tine. “Erudite Eyes: Artists and Antiquarians in the Circle of Abraham Ortelius (1527–1589).” PhD diss., Princeton University, 2003 Google Scholar
Memoria dell’antico nell’arte italiana. Ed. Salvatore Settis. 3 vols. Turin, 1984–86.Google Scholar
Miglio, Massimo. “Roma dopo Avignone. La rinascita politica dell’antico.” In Memoria dell’antico nell’arte italiana, 1:73–111.Google Scholar
Monga, Luigi. Voyage de Provence et d’Italie. Geneva, 1994.Google Scholar
Montaigne, Michel de. The Complete Works. Trans. Donald M. Frame. Stanford, 1958.Google Scholar
Montaigne, Michel de. Journal de voyage. Ed. François Rigolot. Paris, 1992.Google Scholar
Moryson, Fynes. An Itinerary containing his ten yeeres travell. 4 vols. Glasgow, 1907.Google Scholar
Münster, Sebastian, and François de Belle-forest. La cosmographie universelle de tout le monde. 2 vols. Paris, 1575. Orbaan, J. A. F. Documenti sul Barocco in Roma. Rome, 1920.Google Scholar
Orlandi, Silvia. Un contributo alla storia del collezionismo: La raccolta epigrafica Delfini. Rome, 1993.Google Scholar
Orlando, Sandro, and Simoncini, Giorgio. L’Architettura di Leon Battista Alberti nel Commento di Pellegrino Tibaldi. Rome, 1988.Google Scholar
Isabella, Palumbo-Fossati. “Il collezionista Sebastiano Erizzo e l’inventario dei suoi beni.” Ateneo Veneto n.s., 22 (1984): 201–18.Google Scholar
Parisio, Prospero. Aggiunta.. All’antichità dell’alma città di Roma. Rome, 1600.Google Scholar
Pighius, Stephanus. Hercules Prodicius seu Principis iuventutis vita et peregrinatio. Antwerp, 1587.Google Scholar
Pinelli, Gian Vincenzo, and Claude Dupuy. Une Correspondance entre deux humanistes. Ed. Anna Maria Raugei. 2 vols. Florence, 2001.Google Scholar
Pollack, Oskar. Le guide di Roma: Materi-alen zu einer Geschichte der romischen Topographie. Ed. Ludwig Schudt. Vienna and Augsburg, 1930.Google Scholar
Pommier, édouard. “Notes sur le jardin dans la littérature artistique de la Renaissance italienne.” In Histoires de jardins: Lieux et imaginaire, ed. Pigeaud, Jackie and Jean-Paul Barbe, 127–40. Paris, 2001.Google Scholar
Prinz, Wolfram. Galleria: Storia e tipologia di uno spazio architettonico. Ed. and trans. Claudia Cieri Via. Ferrara and Modena, 1988.Google Scholar
Guido, Rebecchini. “Giovan Francesco Ar-rivabene a Roma nel 1550: Una nuova descrizione del giardino del Cardinale Federico Cesi.” Pegasus: Berliner Beiträge zum Nachleben der Antike 2 (2000): 4160.Google Scholar
Rebecchini, Guido. Private Collectors in Mantua, 1500–1630. Rome, 2002.Google Scholar
Riebesell, Christina. “Die Antikensamm-lung Farnese zur Carracci-Zeit.” In Les Carrache et les décors profanes (1988), 373–417.Google Scholar
Riebesell, Christina. Die Sammlung des Kardinal Ales-sandro Farnese: Ein ‘Studio’ für Künstler und Gelehrte. Weinheim, 1989.Google Scholar
Riebesell, Christina. “Die Sammlung des Kardinal Alessandro Farnese (1520–1589) als Stellvertreterin für das antike Rom.” In Macrocosmos in Microcosmo, ed. Grote, Andreas, 397–416. Opladen, 1994.Google Scholar
Robertson, Clare. ‘Il Gran Cardinale’ Alessandro Farnese, Patron of the Arts. New Haven and London, 1992.Google Scholar
Robortello, Francesco. De vita et victu populi Romani sub Impp. Caess. Augg. Bologna, 1559.Google Scholar
Amadio, Ronchini, and, Poggi, Vittorio. “Fulvio Orsini e sue lettere ai Farnesi.” Atti e memorie delle RR. Deputazioni di storia patria per le provincie dell’Emilia n.s., 4, pt. 2 (1880): 37106.Google Scholar
Rossetti, Sergio. Rome: A Bibliography from the Invention of Printing through 1899. Vol. 1, The Guide Books. Florence, 2000.Google Scholar
Rowland, Ingrid D. The Culture of the High Renaissance: Ancients and Moderns in Sixteenth-Century Rome. Cambridge and New York, 1998.Google Scholar
Schickhardt, Heinrich. Rayss in Italien 1599–1600 in dreierley Version. Herrenberg, 1986.Google Scholar
Scott, John Beldon. Images of Nepotism: The Painted Ceilings of Palazzo Barberini. Princeton, 1991.Google Scholar
Settis, Salvatore. “Origine e significato delle gallerie in Italia.” In Gli Uffizi: quattro secoli di una galleria, ed. Paola Barocchi and Giovanna Ragionieri, 1: 309–17. Florence, 1983.Google Scholar
Simeoni, Gabriele. Les illustres observations antiques. Lyon, 1558a.Google Scholar
Simeoni, Gabriele. Illustratione de gli epitaffi et meda-glie antichi. Lyon, 1558b.Google Scholar
Tarde, Jean. à la recontre de Galilée: Deux voyages en Italie. Ed. François Moureau and Marcel Tetel. Geneva, 1984.Google Scholar
Thevet, André. La cosmographie universelle. 2 vols. Paris, 1575.Google Scholar
Thornton, Dora. The Scholar in his Study: Ownership and Experience in Renaissance Italy. New Haven and London, 1997.Google Scholar
“A True Description and Direction of what is most worthy to be seen in all Italy.” In The Harleian Miscellany, ed. William Oldys and Thomas Park, 5: 1–41. London, 1810.Google Scholar
Marjon, Van der Meulen. “Cardinal Cesi’s Antique Sculpture Garden: Notes on a Painting by Hendrick van Cleef III.” Burlington Magazine 116 (1974): 1424.Google Scholar
Michiel, Van Groesen. “Boissard, Clusius, de Bry and the Making of Antiquitates Romanae, 1597–1602.” Lias 29 (2002): 195213.Google Scholar
Villa Medici: Il sogno di un cardinale. Col-lezioni e artisti di Ferdinando de’ Medici. Ed. Hochmann, Michel. Rome, 1999.Google Scholar
Waddy, Patricia. Seventeenth-Century Roman Palaces: Use and Art of the Plan. New York and Cambridge, MA, 1990.Google Scholar
Wrede, Henning. “Die Themis Dea des S. V. Pighius.” In Antonio Agustín Between Renaissance and Counter-Reform, ed. Crawford, M. H., 189–209. London, 1993.Google Scholar
Wrede, Henning. “Römische Antikenprogramme des 16. Jahrhunderts.” In Il cortile delle statue. Der Statuenhof des Belvedere im Vatikan. Akten des inter-nationalen Kongresses zu Ehren von Richard Krautheimer, ed. Matthias Winner et al., 83–115. Mainz, 1998.Google Scholar
Wrede, Henning. “Ein imaginierter Besuch im Mu-seo da Carpi.” In Le collezioni di antichità nella cultura antiquaria euro-pea, ed. Fano Santi, M., 18–30. Rome, 1999.Google Scholar