Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-20T07:58:12.869Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Albertus, Magnus or Magus? Magic, Natural Philosophy, and Religious Reform in the Late Middle Ages*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2018

David J. Collins
David J. Collins*
Affiliation:
Georgetown University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article analyzes the fifteenth-century attempt by the Dominican order, especially in Cologne, to win canonization for the thirteenth-century natural philosopher Albert the Great. It shows how Albert's thought on natural philosophy and magic was understood and variously applied, how the Dominicans at Cologne composed his vitae, and how the order's Observant movement participated in these developments. It situates the canonization attempt at the intersection of two significant trends in which the order was a leading participant: first, the late medieval efforts to reform Christian society beginning with the religious life of monks and mendicants; second, the increasing concerns about the practice of learned and demonic magic that laid groundwork for the witch-hunting of the early modern period. The article aims to shed light on intersections of science and religion — their apprehension and negotiation — at a decisive moment in European history for both fields of human endeavor.

Type
Studies
Information
Renaissance Quarterly , Volume 63 , Issue 1 , Spring 2010 , pp. 1 - 44
Copyright
Copyright © 2010 Renaissance Society of America

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

This article was in large part written while I was at the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in Munich as a fellow of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and the Gerda Henkel Foundation. I wish to express my thanks to these foundations for their financial support and to the MGH for the working environment and learned collegiality it generously provided. I am also grateful to Professors Martin Kaufhold (Augsburg), Peter Pfeiffer (Georgetown), and Gabriela Signori (Constance), who organized colloquia at their respective institutions where I presented portions of my research and received helpful advice. The article has also been improved thanks to several colleagues who read it in draft, including the journal's anonymous referees and Professors Michael Bailey, Richard Kieckhefer, Robert Lerner, Edward Muir, and Werner Williams-Krapp. Finally, I benefited from the resources of the library at the Dominican House of Studies in Washington, DC, and the ready assistance of its head librarian, Fr. Bernard Mulcahy, OP, and staff. Abbreviations used throughout the article are as follows (please see the bibliography for full citations): LCM = Magdalius, Jacobus; LLA = Rudolphus de Novomagio; LVA = Petrus de Prussia.

References

Acta sanctorum quotquot tot orbe coluntur. Ed. Société des Bollandistes. Antwerp, 1643–.Google Scholar
Albertus Magnus. Sancti doctoris ecclesiae Alberti Magni Ordinis Fratrum Praedicatorum episcopi Opera Omnia ad fidem codicum manuscriptorum edenda apparatu critico notis prolegomenis indicibus instruenda curavit Institutum Alberti Magni Cologniense. Ed. Bernhard Geyer (after vol. 37.2 [1978]: ed. Wilhelm Kübel). Münster, 1951–.Google Scholar
Albertus Magnus (Pseudo), .Libellus de alchimia.Ed. , Heines, Virginia.Berkeley, 1958.Google Scholar
Arnold, Klaus.Johannes Trithemius (1462–1516).Würzburg, 1991.Google Scholar
Bailey, Michael D.“From Sorcery to Witchcraft: Clerical Conceptions of Magic in the Later Middle Ages.” Speculum 76(2001): 960–90.10.2307/2903617CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Michael D.Battling Demons: Witchcraft, Heresy, and Reform in the Late Middle Ages.University Park, 2003.Google Scholar
Bailey, Michael D.“The Disenchantment of Magic: Spells, Charms, and Superstition in Early European Witchcraft Literature.” American Historical Review 111(2006): 383–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Michael D.Magic and Superstition in Europe: A Concise History from Antiquity to the Present.Lanham, 2007.Google Scholar
Bailey, Michael D.“The Age of Magicians: Periodization in the History of Magic.” Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 3(2008a): 1–28.10.1353/mrw.0.0090CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, Michael D.Rev. of Renaissance Inquisitors by Michael Tavuzzi.Catholic Historical Review 94(2008b): 821–22.Google Scholar
Bailey, Michael D.“A Late-Medieval Crisis of Superstition?” Speculum 84(2009): 633–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, Frank E.“Trithemius und Faustus: Begegnungen in Geschichte und Sage.”In Johannes Trithemius: Humanismus und Magie im vorreformatorischen Deutschland, ed. , Auernheimer, Richardand , Baron, Frank E, 39–60.Munich, 1991.Google Scholar
Barthelmé, Annette.La réforme dominicaine au XVe siècle en Alsace et dans l'ensemble de la Province de Teutonie.Strassburg, 1931.Google Scholar
Becanus, Johannes.“Chronica, 1247–1256, excerpta.”In Hermannus Altahensis und andere Geschichtsquellen Deutschlands im dreizehnten Iahrhundert, ed. , Friedrich Boehmer, Johannes, 432–39. Stuttgart, 1845.Google Scholar
Biller, Peter.“Childbirth in the Middle Ages.” History Today 36(1986): 42–49.Google Scholar
Bosbach, Franz.“Ruprecht, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein (1427–1480).”In Die Bischöfe des Heiligen Römischen Reiches, 1448 bis 1648: Ein biographisches Lexikon, ed. , Gatz, Erwinand , Brodkorb, Clemens, 605–07.Berlin, 1996.Google Scholar
Boudet, Jean-Patrice.Entre science et nigromance: Astrologie, divination et magie dans l‘Occident médiéval (XIIe–XVe siècle).Paris, 2006.10.4000/books.psorbonne.12587CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boureau, Alain.Satan the Heretic: The Birth of Demonology in the Medieval West.Trans. , Lavender Fagan, Teresa.Chicago, 2004.Google Scholar
The Cambridge History of Science: Early Modern Science, ed. Katharine Park and Lorraine Daston. Cambridge, 2006.Google Scholar
Celtis, Conrad.Fünf Bücher Epigramme.Hildesheim, 1963.Google Scholar
Clark, Stuart.Thinking with Demons: The Idea of Witchcraft in Early Modern Europe.Oxford, 1999.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohn, Norman.Europe's Inner Demons: An Enquiry Inspired by the Great Witch-Hunt.London, 1993.Google Scholar
Collins, David J.“Latin Hagiography in Germany, 1450–1550.”In Hagiographies: Histoire internationale(1994–2006), 4:522–82.Google Scholar
Collins, David J.Reforming Saints: Saints' Lives and Their Authors in Germany, 1470–1530.Oxford, 2008.10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195329537.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, Owen.Grimoires: A History of Magic Books.New York, 2009.Google Scholar
Duni, Matteo.Under the Devil's Spell: Witches, Sorcerers, and the Inquisition in Renaissance Italy.Florence, 2007.Google Scholar
Eckert, Willehad Paul.“Albert-Legenden.”In Albert der Grosse: Seine Zeit, sein Werk, Seine Wirkung, ed. , Zimmermann, Albert, 1–23.Berlin, 1981.Google Scholar
Forbes, Thomas Rogers.The Midwife and the Witch.New Haven, 1966.Google Scholar
Gaiffier, Badouin de.“Bulletin des publications hagiographiques: Albert le Grand.” Analecta bollandiana 51(1933): 183–90.Google Scholar
Gerard of Frachet.Vitae fratrum ordinis praedicatorum necnon cronica ordinis ab anno mcciii usque ad mcclivEd. Maria Reichert, Benedictus.Louvain, 1896.Google Scholar
Gerson, Jean.Oeuvres complétesEd. , Glorieux, Palémon.10 vols.Paris, 1964–73.Google Scholar
Görres, J., ed. Altteutsche Volks- und Meisterlieder aus den Handschriften der Heidelberger Bibliothek.Frankfurt am Main, 1817.Google Scholar
Grabmann, Martin.Mittelalterliches Geistesleben.3 vols.Munich, 1926–56.Google Scholar
Grant, Edward.Science and Religion, 400 B.C. to A.D. 1550: From Aristotle to Copernicus.Baltimore, 2006.Google Scholar
Grant, Edward.A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century.New York, 2007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, Monica Helen.Making Women's Medicine Masculine: The Rise of Male Authority in Pre-Modern Gynaecology.Oxford, 2008.Google Scholar
Grund, Peter.“‘ffor to make Azure as Albert biddes’: Medieval English Alchemical Writings in the Pseudo-Albertan Tradition.” Ambix 53(2006): 21–42.10.1179/174582306X93174CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habiger-Tuczay, Christa.Magie und Magier im Mittelalter.Munich, 1992.Google Scholar
Hagiographies: Histoire internationale de la littérature hagiographique latine et vernaculaire en Occident des origines à 1550. Ed. Guy Philippart. 4 vols. Turnhout, 1994–2006.Google Scholar
Hansen, Joseph.Quellen und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Hexenwahns und der Hexenverfolgung im Mittelalter.Bonn, 1901.Google Scholar
Harley, David N.“Historians as Demonologists: The Myth of the Midwife-Witch.” Social History of Medicine 3(1990): 1–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henrichs, Norbert.“Scientia Magica.”In Aufsätze zu Goethes “Faust I,”ed. , Keller, Werner, 607–24.Darmstadt, 1974.Google Scholar
Henry of Herford.Liber de rebus memorabilioribus sive chronicon. Ed.Potthast, August.Göttingen, 1859.Google Scholar
Higley, Sarah L.“The Legend of the Learned Man's Android.”In Retelling Tales, ed. , Hahn, Thomasand , Lupack, Alan, 127–60.Cambridge, 1997.Google Scholar
Hillenbrand, Eugen.“Die Observantenbewegung in der deutschen Ordensprovinz der Dominikaner.”In Reformbemühungen und Observanzbestrebungen im spätmittelalterlichen Ordenswesen, ed. , Elm, Kaspar, 219–72.Berlin, 1989.Google Scholar
Hoenen, Maarten J. F. M.“Heymeric van de Velde und die Geschichte des Albertismus: Auf der Suche nach den Quellen der albertistischen Intellektlehre des Tractatus problematicus.”In Albertus Magnus und der Albertismus: Deutsche philosophische Kultur des Mittelalters, ed. , Hoenen, Maarten J. F. Mand , de Libera, Alain, 303–31.Leiden, 1995.Google Scholar
Hoenen, Maarten J. F. M., and , Libera, Alain de, eds. Albertus Magnus und der Albertismus: Deutsche philosophische Kultur des Mittelalters.Leiden, 1995.Google Scholar
Holzapfel, Egidius.Werner Rolevincks Bauernspiegel: Untersuchung und Neuherausgabe von “De regimine rusticorum.” Basel, 1959.Google Scholar
Janz, Denis R.“Luther and Late Medieval Albertism.” Ephemerides theologicae Lovanienses 72(1996): 338–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jerouschek, Günter.“Introduction.”In Malleus Maleficarum (1487) von Heinrich Kramer (Institoris), v–lv.Hildesheim, 1992.Google Scholar
Kaluza, Zénon.“Gerson critique d'Albert le Grand.” Freiburger Zeitschrift für Philosophie und Theologie 45(1998): 169–206.Google Scholar
Käppeli, Thomas.“Supplementum ad Acta Capitulorum Generalium editionis B. Reichert.” Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 5(1935): 289–310.Google Scholar
Käppeli, Thomas.Scriptores Ordinis Praedicatorum Medii Aevi.4 vols.Rome, 1970–93.Google Scholar
Keussen, Hermann.Die Matrikel der Universität Köln.3 vols.Bonn, 1928–31.Google Scholar
Kibre, Pearl.“Alchemical Writings Ascribed to Albertus Magnus.” Speculum 17(1942): 499–518.10.2307/2856445CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kibre, Pearl.“An Alchemical Tract Attributed to Albertus Magnus.” Isis 35(1944): 303–16.10.1086/358722CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kibre, Pearl.“The Alkimia minor Ascribed to Albertus Magnus.” Isis 32(1940): 267–300.10.1086/347695CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kibre, Pearl.“Further Manuscripts Containing Alchemical Tracts Attributed to Albertus Magnus.” Speculum 34(1959): 238–47.10.2307/2853167CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kibre, Pearl.“Albertus Magnus on Alchemy.”In Albertus Magnus and the Sciences, ed. , Weisheipl, James A, 187–202.Toronto, 1980.Google Scholar
Kibre, Pearl.Studies in Medieval Science: Alchemy, Astrology, Mathematics and Medicine.London, 1984.Google Scholar
Kieckhefer, Richard.European Witch Trials: Their Foundations in Popular and Learned Culture, 1300–1500.Berkeley, 1976.Google Scholar
Kieckhefer, Richard.“The Specific Rationality of Medieval Magic.” American Historical Review 99(1994): 813–34.10.2307/2167771CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kieckhefer, Richard.Magic in the Middle Ages.Cambridge, 2000.Google Scholar
Knape, Joachim.Poetik und Rhetorik in Deutschland, 1300–1700.Wiesbaden, 2006.Google Scholar
Krafft, Otfried.Papsturkunde und Heiligsprechung: Die päpstlichen Kanonisationen vom Mittelalter bis zur Reformation, ein Handbuch.Cologne, 2005.Google Scholar
Kramer, Heinrich(Institoris). Malleus Maleficarum.Ed. , Mackay, Christopher S.Cambridge, 2006.Google Scholar
Layer, Adolf, and , Springer, Max, eds. Albert von Lauingen, 700 Jahre, Albertus Magnus: Festschrift 1980.Lauingen, 1980.Google Scholar
Leff, Gordon.“The Trivium and the Three Philosophies.”In Universities in the Middle Ages, ed. , de Ridder-Symoens, Hilde, 307–36.Cambridge, 1992.Google Scholar
Lemay, Helen Rodnite.Women's Secrets: A Translation of Pseudo-Albertus Magnus' De secretis mulierum with Commentaries.Albany, 1992.Google Scholar
Lindberg, David C.The Beginnings of Western Science: The European Scientific Tradition in Philosophical, Religious, and Institutional Context, 600 B.C. to A.D. 1450.Chicago, 1992.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loë, Paulus von.“De vita et scriptis b. Alberti Magni.” Analecta bollandiana 19(1900): 257–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loë, Paulus von.“De vita et scriptis b. Alberti Magni.” Analecta bollandiana 20(1901): 273–316.Google Scholar
Loë, Paulus von.“De vita et scriptis b. Alberti Magni.” Analecta bollandiana 21(1902): 361–71.Google Scholar
Loë, Paulus von.Statistisches über die Ordensprovinz Teutonia.Ed. , Loë, Paulus vonand , Maria Reichert, Benedictus.Leipzig, 1907.Google Scholar
Löhr, Gabriel M.Beiträge zur Geschichte des Kölner Dominikanerklosters im Mittelalter.Ed. , Loë, Paulus von.Leipzig, 1922.Google Scholar
Löhr, Gabriel M.Die Teutonia im fünfzehnten Jahrhundert: Studien und Texte vornehmlich zur Geschichte ihrer Reform.Leipzig, 1924.Google Scholar
Löhr, Gabriel M.Die theologischen Disputationen und Promotionen an der Universität Köln im ausgehenden 15. Jh. nach den Angaben des P. Servatius Fanckel O.P.Ed. , Loë, Paulus von.Leipzig, 1926.Google Scholar
Löhr, Gabriel M.“Die Akten der Provinzialkapitel der Teutonia von 1503 und 1520.” Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 17(1947): 250–84.Google Scholar
Löhr, Gabriel M.“Der Kölner Dominikanerhumanist Jacobus Magdalius Gaudanus und seine Naumachia ecclesiastica.” Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 18(1948): 280–302.Google Scholar
Löhr, Gabriel M.“Die zweite Blütezeit des Kölner Dominikanerklosters (1464–1525).” Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 19(1949): 208–54.Google Scholar
Luis de Valladolid.“Historia de vita et doctrina Alberti Magni.” Subsidia hagiographica 1(1889): 96–105.Google Scholar
Luis de Valladolid.“Tabula Alberti Magni aliorumque scriptorum ordinis Praedicatorum.” Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 1(1931): 243–50.Google Scholar
Magdalius, Jacobus.“Legenda compendiosa et metrica domini Alberti Magni.”In Legenda litteralis Alberti Magni, A'-iir–B'-ir .Cologne, 1490.Bibliotheca hagiographica latina: BHL 227.Google Scholar
Marks, Richard Bruce.The Medieval Manuscript Library of the Charterhouse of St. Barbara in Cologne.Salzburg, 1974.Google Scholar
McGinn, Bernard.“Angel Pope and Papal Antichrist.” Church History 47(1978): 155–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meersseman, Gilles.Geschichte des Albertismus.2 vols.Paris (vol. 1) and Rome (vol. 2), 1933–35.Google Scholar
Meijer, G. A.Dominikanenklooster en Statie te Nijmegen.Nijmegen, 1892.Google Scholar
Meuthen, Erich.Kölner Universitätsgeschichte.3 vols.Cologne, 1988.Google Scholar
Meyer, Birgitand , Pels, Peter, eds. Magic and Modernity: Interfaces of Revelation and Concealment.Stanford, 2003.Google Scholar
“Monumenta cultus B. Alberti Magni.” Analecta sacri ordinis Fratrum Praedicatorum 3 (1897): 349–65.Google Scholar
Moran, Bruce T.Distilling Knowledge: Alchemy, Chemistry, and the Scientific Revolution.Cambridge, MA, 2005.Google Scholar
Müller-Jahncke, Wolf-Dieter.“Von Ficino zu Agrippa: Der Magia-Begriff des Renaissance-Humanismus im Überblick.” Epochen der Naturmystik: Hermetische Tradition im wissenschaftlichen Fortschritt, ed. , Faivre, Antoineand , Zimmerman, Rolf Christian.24–51.Berlin, 1979.Google Scholar
Naudé, Gabriel.Apologie pour tous les grands personnages qui ont esté faussement soupçonnez de magie.The Hague, 1653.Google Scholar
Newman, William R.“From Alchemy to ‘Chymistry.’”In The Cambridge History of Science(2006), 497–517.10.1017/CHOL9780521572446.022CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, Alex.The Place of Enchantment: British Occultism and the Culture of the Modern.Chicago, 2004.10.7208/chicago/9780226642031.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paravicini Bagliani, Agostino.Le “Speculum Astronomiae,” une énigme? Enquête sur les manuscrits.Sismel, 2001.Google Scholar
Pelster, Franz.Kritische Studien zum Leben und zu den Schriften Alberts des Großen.Freiburg im Breisgau, 1920.Google Scholar
Peters, Edward.The Magician, the Witch, and the Law.Philadelphia, 1978.Google Scholar
Petrus de Prussia. Legenda venerabilis domini Alberti Magni. Cologne, 1486/87. BHL 225. GW M32672.Google Scholar
Petrus Hispanus Portugalensis [Peter of Spain]. Tractatus. Ed. Lambertus Marie De Rijk. Assen, 1972.Google Scholar
Petzoldt, Leander.“Albertus Magnus.” Enzyklopädie des Märchens 1(1977): 255–61.Google Scholar
Piccolomineus, Aeneas Silvius.Orationes politicae et ecclesiasticae.Ed. , Dominicus Mansi, Joannes.3 vols.Lucca, 1755–59.Google Scholar
Pius XI.“In thesauris sapientiae.” Acta apostolicae sedis 24(1932): 5–16.Google Scholar
Pius XII.“Ad Deum.” Acta apostolicae sedis 34(1942): 89–91.Google Scholar
Postulator General of the Order of Preachers, ed. Esposizione e documentazione storica del culto tributato lungo il corso dei secoli al B. Alberto Magno, Vescovo e Confessore dell' Ordine Domenicano.Rome, 1930.Google Scholar
Postulator General of the Order of Preachers, ed. Esposizione e documentazione storica del culto tributato lungo il corso dei secoli al B. Alberto Magno, Vescovo e Confessore dell'Ordine Domenicano: Supplemento.Rome, 1931.Google Scholar
Ptolemy of Lucca.“Historia ecclesiastica nova.”In Rerum Italiacarum Scriptores, ed. Muratori, G, 11:754–1242.Milan, 1727.Google Scholar
Quentin, H.(Relator Generalis).Inquisitio iussu sanctissimi domini nostri Pii papae xi peracta de vita b. Alberti Magni o.p. episcopi Ratisbonensis et de cultu ei praestito.Rome, 1931.Google Scholar
Rauschmayr, Johann Stephan.“Ehrung und Verehrung des heiligen Albertus Magnus in seiner Geburtsstadt Lauingen.”In Der heilige Kirchenlehrer Albertus Magnus, Lauingens Sohn und Schutzpatron, ed. , Deißer, Josef.62–78.Dillingen-Donau, 1932.Google Scholar
Rautenberg, Ursula.Überlieferung und Druck: Heiligenlegenden aus frühen Kölner Offizinen.Tübingen, 1996.Google Scholar
Reichert, Benedictus Maria, ed. Acta Capitulorum Generalium Ordinis Praedicatorum ab anno 1380 usque ad annum 1498.Rome, 1900.Google Scholar
Reichert, Benedictus Maria, and , Löe, Paulus von, eds. Registrum litterarum: Salvi Cassettae (1481–1483), Barnabae Saxoni (1486).Leipzig, 1912.Google Scholar
Resnick, Irven Michael, and , Kitchell, Kenneth.Albert the Great: A Selectively Annotated Bibliography (1900–2000).Tempe, 2004.Google Scholar
Rolevinck, Werner. Tractatus de excellentiis domini Alberti Magni. Berlin, Staatsbibliothek, Stiftung Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Ms. theol. lat. oct. 171, fols. 12r–19r.Google Scholar
Roy, Bruno.“Richard de Fournival, auteur du Speculum astronomiae?” Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du moyen âge 67(2000): 159–80.Google Scholar
Rudolphus de Novomagio [also “Radulphus,” also “de Noviomago”]. Legenda litteralis Alberti Magni. Cologne, 1490. BHL 226. Gesamtkatalog der Wiegendrucke: GW M38537.Google Scholar
Rutkin, H. Darrel.“Astrology, Natural Philosophy and the History of Science, c. 1250–1700: Studies toward an Interpretation of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola's Disputationes adversus astrologiam divinatricem.” PhD diss., Indiana University, 2002.Google Scholar
Rutkin, H. Darrel.“Astrology.”In The Cambridge History of Science(2006), 541–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sabbadini, R.“Giovanni Colonna biografo e bibliografo del secolo XIV.” Atti Acc. Torino 46(1911): 282–305.Google Scholar
Saler, Michael.“Modernity and Enchantment: A Historiographic Review.” American Historical Review 111(2006): 692–716.10.1086/ahr.111.3.692CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaff, Philip, and , Wace, Henry, eds. A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church, Second Series.7 vols.Grand Rapids, 1997.Google Scholar
Scheeben, Heribert Christian.Albert der Große: Zur Chronologie seines Lebens.Leipzig, 1931a.Google Scholar
Scheeben, Heribert Christian.“Les écrits d'Albert le Grand d'après les catalogues.” Revue Thomiste, n.s., 14(1931b): 260–92.Google Scholar
Scheeben, Heribert Christian.“Die Tabulae Ludwigs von Valladolid im Chor der Predigerbrüder von St. Jakob in Paris.” Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 1(1931c): 223–50.Google Scholar
Scheeben, Heribert Christian.Albertus Magnus.Bonn, 1932.Google Scholar
Schieffer, Rudolf.Albertus Magnus: Mendikantentum und Theologie im Widerstreit mit dem Bischofsamt.Münster, 1999.Google Scholar
Schmid, Wolfgang.Stifter und Auftraggeber im spätmittelalterlichen Köln.Cologne, 1994.Google Scholar
Schnyder, André, ed. Malleus Maleficarum von Heinrich Institoris (alias Kramer) unter Mithilfe Jakob Sprengers aufgrund der dämonologischen Tradition zusammengestellt.Göppingen, 1993.Google Scholar
Sighart, Joachim.Albertus Magnus: Sein Leben und seine Wissenschaft.Regensburg, 1857.Google Scholar
Siraisi, Nancy G.“The Medical Learning of Albertus Magnus.”In Albertus Magnus and the Sciences, ed. , Weisheipl, James A, 379–404.Toronto, 1980.Google Scholar
Sommerlechner, Andrea.Stupor mundi? Kaiser Friedrich II. und die mittelalterliche Geschichtsschreibung.Vienna, 1999.Google Scholar
Stange, C.“Über den Namen Alberts des Grossen.” Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 64(1952–53): 166–70.Google Scholar
Stehkämper, Hugo, and , Zender, Matthias, eds. Albertus Magnus: Ausstellung zum 700. Todestag.Cologne, 1980.Google Scholar
Stephens, Walter.Demon Lovers: Witchcraft, Sex, and the Crisis of Belief.Chicago, 2002.Google Scholar
Strunz, Franz.Albertus Magnus: Weisheit und Naturforschung im Mittelalter.Vienna, 1925.Google Scholar
Styers, Randall.Making Magic: Religion, Magic, and Science in the Modern World.Oxford, 2004.10.1093/0195151070.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavuzzi, Michael.Renaissance Inquisitors: Dominican Inquisitors and Inquisitorial Districts in Northern Italy, 1474–1527.Leiden, 2007.10.1163/ej.9789004160941.i-290CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tewes, Götz-Rüdiger.Die Bursen der Kölner Artisten-Fakultät: bis zur Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts.Cologne, 1993.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thoemes, Nikolaus.Albertus Magnus in Geschichte und Sage: Festschrift zur sechsten Säcularfeier seines Todestages am 15. November 1880.Cologne, 1880.Google Scholar
Thomas of Cantimpré.Bonum univerale de proprietatibus apum.Cologne, 1473.Google Scholar
Thorndike, Lynn.A History of Magic and Experimental Science.8 vols.New York, 1923–58.Google Scholar
Thorndike, Lynn.“Further Consideration of the Experimenta, Speculum astronomiae, and De secretis mulierum Ascribed to Albertus Magnus.” Speculum 30(1955): 413–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Translatio b. Alberti Magni, anno 1483.” Analecta sacri ordinis Fratrum Praedicatorum 3 (1897): 349–51.Google Scholar
Trithemius, Johannes.Polygraphia libri sex.Basel: Adam Petrus, 1518.Google Scholar
Truitt, E. R.“‘Trei poëte, sages dotors, qui mout sorent di nigromance’: Knowledge and Automata in Twelfth-Century French Literature.” Configurations 12(2004): 167–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tugwell, Simon.“Albert: Introduction.” Albert and Thomas, ed. , Tugwell, Simon, 3–129.Mahwah, 1988.Google Scholar
Ulrich of Strassburg.De summo bono.4 vols.Hamburg, 1987–.Google Scholar
Van Rooy, R. P.“Saint Albert le Grand et la Magie.” Bulletin mensuel de la Société Albert-le-Grand 6(1940): 2–24.Google Scholar
Vauchez, André.Sainthood in the Later Middle Ages.Trans. , Birell, Jean.Cambridge, 1997.Google Scholar
Weill-Parot, Nicolas.Les “images astrologiques” au Moyen Age et à la Renaissance: Spéculations intellectuelles et pratiques magiques, XIIe–XVe siècle.Paris, 2002.Google Scholar
Weisheipl, James A., ed. Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays 1980.Toronto, 1980a.Google Scholar
Weisheipl, James A.“The Life and Works of St. Albert the Great.”In Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays 1980, ed. , Weisheipl, James A, 13–51.Toronto, 1980b.Google Scholar
Wetzstein, Thomas.Heilige vor Gericht: Das Kanonisationsverfahren im europäischen Spätmittelalter.Cologne, 2004.Google Scholar
Williams-Krapp, Werner.“Deutschsprachige Hagiographie von ca. 1350 bis ca. 1550.” Hagiographies: Histoire internationale(1994–2006), 1:267–88.Google Scholar
Witt, Ronald G.In the Footsteps of the Ancients: The Origins of Humanism from Lovato to Bruni.Leiden, 2000.Google Scholar
Wolffgram, Hugo.“Neue Forschungen zu Werner Rolevincks Leben und Werken.” Westfälische Zeitschrift 50(1892): 127–61.Google Scholar
Zambelli, Paola.“Scholastic and Humanist Views of Hermeticism and Witchcraft.”In Hermeticism and the Renaissance, ed. , Merkel, Ingridand , Debus, Allen G, 125–53.Washington, 1988.Google Scholar
Zambelli, Paola.The “Speculum astronomiae” and Its Enigma: Astrology, Theology, and Science in Albertus Magnus and His Contemporaries.Dordrecht, 1992.10.1007/978-94-017-3467-7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zika, Charles.Exorcising Our Demons: Magic, Witchcraft, and Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe.Leiden, 2003.Google Scholar