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Annual 14C Tree-Ring Data Around 400 AD: Mid- and High-Latitude Records

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 April 2019

Ronny Friedrich ,
Bernd Kromer ,
Frank Sirocko ,
Jan Esper ,
Susanne Lindauer Open the ORCID record for Susanne Lindauer [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniel Nievergelt ,
Karl Uwe Heussner  and
Thorsten Westphal
Ronny Friedrich*
Affiliation:
Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry, Mannheim, Germany
Bernd Kromer
Affiliation:
Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry, Mannheim, Germany
Frank Sirocko
Affiliation:
Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Geoscience, Mainz, Germany
Jan Esper
Affiliation:
Johannes Gutenberg University, Institute for Geoscience, Mainz, Germany
Susanne Lindauer
Affiliation:
Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry, Mannheim, Germany
Daniel Nievergelt
Affiliation:
Swiss Federal Research Institute, WSL – Dendrochronology, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
Karl Uwe Heussner
Affiliation:
German Archaeological Institute, Dendrochronology Laboratory, Berlin, Germany
Thorsten Westphal
Affiliation:
Curt Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry, Mannheim, Germany
*
*Corresponding author. Email: ronny.friedrich@cez-archaeometrie.de.
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Abstract

Two tree-ring series, one from a high-latitude pine tree (located in northern Scandinavia) and one from a mid-latitude oak tree (located in eastern Germany) were analyzed for radiocarbon (14C) at annual resolution. The new records cover the calendar date ranges 290–460 AD and 382–486 AD, respectively, overlapping by 79 yr. The series show similar trends as IntCal13. However, some significant deviations around 400 AD are present with lower Δ14C (higher 14C ages). An average offset between the two new series and IntCal13 of about 20 years in conventional 14C age is observed. A latitudinal 14C offset between the tree sites in central and northern Europe, as would be expected due to the relatively large spatial distance, is not recorded, however. Periodic changes in the 14C records are resolved that can be attributed to the “11-year” solar cycle (Schwabe cycle) with cycle length from 9 to 11 years. The magnitude of changes in Δ14C due to the solar cycle is between 1.5 and 3‰. Since solar cyclicity is only partially synchronous between the two new series, reasons for asynchronicity are explored.

Keywords

calibrationdendrochronologyradiocarbon dating
Type
Conference Paper
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 61 , Issue 5: Radiocarbon 2018 Conference Proceedings Trondheim, Norway, June 17–22, 2018 Part 1 of 2 , October 2019 , pp. 1305 - 1316
Copyright
© 2019 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona 

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Footnotes

Selected Papers from the 23rd International Radiocarbon Conference, Trondheim, Norway, 17–22 June, 2018

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