Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-qsmjn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-23T11:12:05.280Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

14C GEOCHRONOLOGY AND RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR EFFECT OF REVIEWED LAKES STUDY IN CHINA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 November 2021

Weijian Zhou Open the ORCID record for Weijian Zhou [Opens in a new window] ,
Yuda Chui ,
Ling Yang ,
Peng Cheng Open the ORCID record for Peng Cheng [Opens in a new window] ,
Ning Chen ,
Guodong Ming ,
Yan Hu ,
Wenli Li  and
Xuefeng Lu
Weijian Zhou*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an710061, China Beijing Normal University, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Earth Science Frontier, Beijing100875, China CAS Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xian710061, China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research, Xi’an710061, China
Yuda Chui
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an710061, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
Ling Yang
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an710061, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
Peng Cheng
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an710061, China Joint Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application between Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi’an 710061, China, and Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an710049, China Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao266061, China
Ning Chen
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an710061, China Joint Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application between Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi’an 710061, China, and Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an710049, China
Guodong Ming
Affiliation:
CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
Yan Hu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an710061, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
Wenli Li
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an710061, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
Xuefeng Lu
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an710061, China Joint Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Technology and Application between Institute of Earth Environment, CAS, Xi’an 710061, China, and Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an710049, China
*
*Corresponding author. Email: weijian@loess.llqg.ac.cn
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Lacustrine sediments are important archives for paleoclimate research, but there are evident carbon reservoir effects. Radiocarbon (14C) ages of lake sediments must be corrected for these effects before applying them to paleoclimate research. The authors review the lacustrine research from the last 20 years from different climatic regions in China, and systematically investigate the 14C age and correction methods used in the studies of 81 lakes. It is found that the climate-vegetation cover and distribution of carbonate around lakes are dominant factor controlling radiocarbon reservoir effects. In eastern China, the average 14C reservoir age is about 500 14C years and is associated with relatively dense vegetation. However, in northwest China and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, widespread carbonate bedrock may markedly increase the radiocarbon reservoir age which frequently is about 1500 and 2500 14C years. A piecewise linear regression model provides more reliable 14C reservoir age correction that accounts for sedimentary facies and sedimentation rate changes. It is worth mentioning that when analyzing 14C ages deviated greatly from time sequence, the age anomalies may indicate important effects relevant to the study of climate and environmental changes.

Keywords

anomalous 14Clacustrine sedimentsradiocarbon reservoir effects
Type
Review Article
Information
Radiocarbon , Volume 64 , Issue 4: Seven Decades of Radiocarbon Dating: Remembering the Pioneers & Looking Towards the Future Part 2 of 2 , August 2022 , pp. 833 - 844
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press for the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abbott, MB, Stafford, TW. Jr 1995. Radiocarbon geochemistry of modern and ancient Arctic lakes systems, Baffin Island, Canada. Quaternary Research 45(3):300–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, ZS, Clemens, SC, Shen, J, Qiang, XK, Jin, ZD, Sun, YB, Prell, WL, Luo, JJ, Wang, SM, Xu, H, et al. 2011. Glacial-interglacial Indian summer monsoon dynamics. Science 333:719–723.Google ScholarPubMed
An, ZS, Colman, SM, Zhou, W, Li, X, Brown, ET, Jull, AJT, Cai, Y, Huang, Y, Lu, X, Chang, H, et al. 2012. Interplay between the Westerlies and Asian monsoon recorded in Lake Qinghai sediments since 32 ka. Scientific Reports 2:619.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
An, ZS, Porter, SC, Kutzbach, JE, Wu, XH, Wang, SM, Liu, XD, Li, XQ, Zhou, WJ. 2000. Asynchronous Holocene optimum of the east Asian monsoon. Quaternary Science Reviews 19:743–762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benson, L. 1993. Factors affecting 14C ages of lacustrine carbonates: timing and duration of the last highstand lake in the lahontan basin. Quaternary Research 39(2):163–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Björck, S, Wohlfarth, B. 2002. 14C chronostratigraphic techniques in paleolimnology. In: Last WM, Smol JP, editors. Tracking environmental change using lake sediments. Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research 1. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 205–245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broecker, WS, Walton, A. 1959. The geochemistry of C14 in fresh-water systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 16(1–3):15–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, SL, Bierman, PR, Lini, A, Southon, J. 2000. 10000 yr record of extreme hydrologic events. Geology 28(4):335.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, FH, Chen, JH, Huang, W, Chen, SQ, Huang, XZ, Jin, LY, Jia, J, Zhang, XJ, An, CB, Zhang, JW, et al. 2019. Westerlies Asia and monsoonal Asia: spatiotemporal differences in climate change and possible mechanisms on decadal to sub-orbital timescales. Earth Science Review 192:337–354.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, FH, Wu, D, Chen, JH, Zhou, AF, Yu, JQ, Chen, J, Wang, SM, Huang, XZ. 2016. Holocene moisture and East Asian summer monsoon evolution in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau recorded by Lake Qinghai and its environs: a review of conflicting proxies. Quaternary Science Reviews 154:11129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, FH, Xu, QH, Chen, JH, Birks, HJB, Liu, JB, Zhang, SR, Jin, LYY, An, CB, Telford, RJ, Cao, XY, et al. 2015. East Asian summer monsoon precipitation variability since the last deglaciation. Scientific Reports 5:11186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chen, FH, Zhang, J, Liu, J, Cao, X, Yang, K. 2020. Climate change, vegetation history, and landscape responses on the Tibetan Plateau during the Holocene: a comprehensive review. Quaternary Science Reviews 243.Google Scholar
Colman, SM, Jones, GA, Rubin, M, King, JW, Orem, WH. 1996. AMS radiocarbon analyses from lake baikal, siberia: challanges of dating sediments from a large, oligotrophic lake. Quaternary Science Reviews 15(7):669–684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deevey, ES Jr, Gross, MS, Hutchinson, GE, Kraybill, HL. 1954. The natural C14 contents of materials from hard-water lakes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 40(5):285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dodson, J, Li, J, Lu, F, Zhang, W, Yan, H, Cao, S. 2019. A Late Pleistocene and Holocene vegetation and environmental record from Shuangchi Maar, Hainan Province, South China. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 523:89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dong, JG, Shen, CC, Kong, XG, Wang, HC, Jiang, XY. 2015. Reconciliation of hydroclimate sequences from the chinese loess plateau and low-latitude east Asian summer monsoon regions over the past 14,500 years. Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology 435:127–135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dykoski, CA, Edwards, RL, Cheng, H, Yuan, DX, Cai, YJ, Zhang, ML, Lin, YS, Qing, JM, An, ZS, Revenaugh, J. 2005. A high-resolution, absolute-dated Holocene and deglacial Asian monsoon record from Dongge Cave, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 233:71–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geyh, MA, Schotterer, U, Grosjean, M. 1998. Temporal changes of the 14C reservoir effect in lakes. Radiocarbon 40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godwin, H. 1951. Comments on radiocarbon dating for samples from the british isles. American Journal of Science 249(4):301–307.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hajdas, I, Ivy, SD, Beer, J, Bonani, G, Suter, M. 1993. AMS radiocarbon dating and varve chronology of Lake Soppensee: 6000 to 12000 14C years BP. Climate Dynamics 9:107–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendy, CH, Hall, BLJE, Letters, PS. 2006. The radiocarbon reservoir effect in proglacial lakes: Examples from Antarctica. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241:413–421.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hou, JZ, D’Andrea, WJ, Liu, ZH. 2012. The influence of 14C reservoir age on interpretation of paleolimnological records from the Tibetan Plateau. Quaternary Science Reviews 48:67–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huang, XZ, Chen, FH, Fan, YX, Yang, ML. 2009. Dry late-glacial and early Holocene climate in arid central Asia indicated by lithological and palynological evidence from Bosten Lake, China. Quaternary International 194:19–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jackson, R, Carlson, AE, Hillaire-Marcel, C, Wacker, L, Vogt, C, Kucera, M. 2017. Asynchronous instability of the North American-Arctic and Greenland ice sheets during the last deglaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews 164:140–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jennings, A, Andrews, J, Pearce, C, Wilson, L, Olfasdotttir, S. 2015. Detrital carbonate peaks on the Labrador shelf, a 13–7 ka template for freshwater forcing from the Hudson Strait outlet of the Laurentide Ice Sheet into the subpolar gyre. Quaternary Science Reviews 107:62–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jin, ZD, Yu, JM, Chen, HX, Wu, YH, Wang, SM, Chen, SY. 2007. The influence and chronological uncertainties of the 8.2 ka cooling event on continental climate records in China. Holocene 17:1041–1050.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jull, AJT, Burr, GS, Zhou, W, Cheng, P, Song, SH, Leonard, AG, Cheng, L, An, ZS. 2016. 14C measurements of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon in Qinghai Lake and inflowing rivers (NE Tibet, Qinghai plateau), China. Radiocarbon 56:1115–1127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasper, T, Haberzettl, T, Doberschuetz, S, Daut, G, Wang, J, Zhu, L, Nowaczyk, N, Maeusbacher, R. 2012. Indian ocean summer monsoon (IOSM)-dynamics within the past 4 ka recorded in the sediments of Lake Nam Co, central Tibetan Plateau (China). Quaternary Science Reviews 39:73–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keaveney, EM, Reimer, PJ. 2012. Understanding the variability in freshwater radiocarbon reservoir offsets: a cautionary tale. Journal of Archaeological Science 39:1306–1316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lan, JH, Wang, TL, Chawchai, S, Cheng, P, Xu, H. 2020. Time marker of 137Cs fallout maximum in lake sediments of Northwest China. Quaternary Science Reviews 241:106413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lan, JH, Zhang, J, Cheng, P, Ma, XL, Ai, L, Chawchai, S, Zhou, KE, Wang, TL, Yu, KK, Sheng, et al. 2020. Late holocene hydroclimatic variation in central asia and its response to mid-latitude westerlies and solar irradiance. Quaternary Science Reviews 238:106330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, XM, Wang, MD, Zhang, YZ, Lei, L, Hou, JZ. 2017. Holocene climatic and environmental change on the western Tibetan Plateau revealed by glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and leaf wax deuterium-to-hydrogen ratios at Aweng Co. Quaternary Research 87:455–467.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, XZ, Yang, H, Yao, Y, Chen, YW, Liu, WG. 2016. Precipitation changes recorded in the sedimentary total organic carbon isotopes from Lake Poyang in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River, southern China over the last 1600 years. Quaternary International 425:292–300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, JB, Chen, JH, Zhang, XJ, Li, Y, Rao, ZG, Chen, FH. 2015. Holocene east Asian summer monsoon records in northern China and their inconsistency with Chinese stalagmite δ18O records. Earth Science Review 148:194–208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, TB, Zhou, WJ, Cheng, P, Burr, GS. 2017. A survey of the 14C content of dissolved inorganic carbon in Chinese lakes. Radiocarbon 60(2):1–12.Google Scholar
Liu, XJ, Colman, SM, Brown, ET, Henderson, ACG, Werne, JP, Holmes, JA. 2014. Abrupt deglaciation on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau: evidence from Lake Qinghai. Journal of Paleolimnology 51:223–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lockot, G, Ramisch, A, Wunnemann, B, Hartmann, K, Haberzettl, T, Chen, H, Diekmann, B. 2015. A process- and provenance-based attempt to unravel inconsistent radiocarbon chronologies in lake sediments: an example from Lake Heihai, North Tibetan Plateau (China). Radiocarbon 57:1003–1019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, H, Lai, ZP, Wang, NA, Li, Y. 2017. Holocene climate variations from Zhuyeze terminal lake records in east Asian monsoon margin in arid northern China. Quaternary Research 74:46–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ming, GD, Zhou, WJ, Wang, H, Cheng, P, Shu, PX, Xian, F, Fu, YC. 2020. Moisture variations in Lacustrine-eolian sequence from the Hunshandake sandy land associated with the East Asian Summer Monsoon changes since the late Pleistocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 233:106210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mischke, S, Herzschuh, U, Zhang, C, Bloemendal, J, Riedel, F. 2005. A late Quaternary lake record from the Qilian mountains (NW China): lake level and salinity changes inferred from sediment properties and ostracod assemblages. Global and Planetary Change 46:337–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mischke, S, Weynell, M, Zhang, C, Wiechert, U. 2013. Spatial variability of 14C reservoir effects in Tibetan Plateau lakes. Quaternary International 313–314:147–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moreton, SG, Rosqvist, GC, Davies, SJ, Bentley, MJ. 2004. Radiocarbon reservoir ages from freshwater lakes, south georgia, sub-antarctic: modern analogues from particulate organic matter and surface sediments. Radiocarbon 46(2):621–626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nelson, RE, Carter, LD, Robinson, SW. 1988. Anomalous radiocarbon ages from a holocene detrital organic lens in Alaska and their implications for radiocarbon dating and paleoenvironmental reconstructions in the arctic. Quaternary Research 29(1):66–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsson, IU, El-Gammal, S, Göksu, Y. 1969. Uppsala natural radiocarbon measurements IX. Radiocarbon 9(2):515–544.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olsson, U. 2016. Radiocarbon dating history: early days, questions, and problems met. Radiocarbon 51(1):1–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philippsen, B. 2013. The freshwater reservoir effect in radiocarbon dating. Heritage Science 1(1):1–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Philippsen, B, Heinemeier, J. 2013. Freshwater reservoir effect variability in northern Germany. Radiocarbon 55:1085–1101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramsey, CB, Staff, RA, Bryant, CL, Brock, F, Kitagawa, H, van der Plicht, J, Schlolaut, G, Marshall, MH, Brauer, A, Lamb, HF, et al. 2012. A complete terrestrial radiocarbon record for 11.2 to 52.8 kyr BP. Science 338:370–374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rasmussen, SO, Bigler, M, Blockley, SP, Blunier, T, Buchardt, SL, Clausen, HB, Cvijanovic, I, Dahl-Jensen, D, Johnsen, SJ, Fischer, H, et al. 2014. A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews 106:14–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimer, RW, Reimer, PJ. 2017. An online application for DELTAR calculation. Radiocarbon 59(5):1623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soulet, G. 2015. Methods and codes for reservoir–atmosphere 14C age offset calculations. Quaternary Geochronology 29:97–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soulet, G, Ménot, G, Garreta, V, Rostek, F, Zaragosi, S, Lericolais, G, Bard, E. 2011. Black Sea “Lake” reservoir age evolution since the Last Glacial—Hydrologic and climatic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 308:245–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sun, Q, Chu, GQ, Xie, MM, Zhu, QZ, Su, YL, Wang, XS. 2018. An oxygen isotope record from lake Xiarinur in Inner Mongolia since the last deglaciation and its implication for tropical monsoon change. Global Planetary Change 163:109–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tang, L, Wang, XS, Zhang, SQ, Chu, GQ, Chen, Y, Pei, JL, Sheng, M, Yang, ZY. 2015. High-resolution magnetic and palynological records of the last deglaciation and Holocene from Lake Xiarinur in the Hunshandake sandy land, Inner Mongolia. Holocene 25:844–856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, S, Dou, H, Chen, K, 1998. China lakes record. Beijing: Science Press Ltd. In Chinese.Google Scholar
Xiao, XY, Haberle, SG, Li, YL, Liu, EF, Shen, J, Zhang, EL, Yin, JJ, Wang, SM. 2018. Evidence of Holocene climatic change and human impact in northwestern Yunnan Province: high-resolution pollen and charcoal records from Chenghai Lake, southwestern China. Holocene 28:127–139.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, B, Wang, L, Gu, ZY, Hao, QZ, Wang, HZ, Chu, GQ, Jiang, DB, Liu, Q, Qin, XG. 2018. Decoupling of climatic drying and Asian dust export during the Holocene. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123:915–928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, H, Zhou, XY, Lan, JH, Liu, B, Sheng, EG, Yu, KK, Cheng, P, Wu, F, Hong, B, Yeager, KM, Xu, S. 2015. Late Holocene Indian summer monsoon variations recorded at Lake Erhai, southwestern China. Quaternary Research 83:307–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, LW, Chen, SY. 2014. Discussion about the effects and forming times of carbon reservoir of lacustrine sediments in Lake Dongping, North of China. Advances in Geosciences 4:311–318. In Chinese with English abstract.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, SY, Chen, XX, Cheng, P, Chen, SY, Hou, ZF. 2017. Freshwater radiocarbon reservoir age in the lower Yellow River floodplain during the late Holocene. The Holocene 28(1):119–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, SY, Cheng, P, Hou, ZF. 2014. A caveat on radiocarbon dating of organic-poor bulk lacustrine sediments in arid China. Radiocarbon 56(1):127–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, SY, Shen, J, Colman, SM. 2007. Modeling the radiocarbon reservoir effect in lacustrine systems. Radiocarbon 49:1241–1254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, EL, Zhao, C, Xue, B, Liu, ZH, Yu, ZC, Chen, R, Chen, J. 2017. Millennial-scale hydroclimate variations in southwest china linked to tropical indian ocean since the last glacial maximum. Geology 45(5):G38309.1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, JF, Liu, CL, Wu, XH, Liu, KX, Zhou, LP. 2012. Optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon dating of sediments from Lop Nur (Lop Nor), China. Quaternary Geochronology 10:150–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, JF, Xu, B, Turner, F, Zhou, L, Gao, P, Lu, X, Nesje, A. 2017. Long-term glacier melt fluctuations over the past 2500 yr in monsoonal High Asia revealed by radiocarbon-dated lacustrine pollen concentrates. Geology 45:359–362.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Y, Yu, ZC. 2012. Vegetation response to Holocene climate change in East Asian monsoon-margin region. Earth Science Review 113:1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, Y, Yu, ZC, Chen, FH, Zhang, JW, Yang, B. 2009. Vegetation response to Holocene climate change in monsoon-influenced region of China. Earth Science Review 97: 242–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, AF, Chen, FH, Wang, ZL, Yang, ML, Qiang, MR, Zhang, JW. 2009. Temporal change of radiocarbon reservoir effect in Sugan Lake, northwest China during the Late Holocene. Radiocarbon 51:529–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, AF, He, YX, Wu, D, Zhang, XN, Zhang, C, Liu, ZH, Yu, JQ. 2015. Changes in the radiocarbon reservoir age in Lake Xingyun, southwestern China during the Holocene. PLoS One 10:12.Google ScholarPubMed
Zhou, WJ, Chen, MB, Xian, F, Song, SH, Wu, ZK, Jull, AJT, Liu, WG. 2007. The mean value concept in mono-linear regression of multi-variables and its application to trace studies in geosciences. Science in China Series D Earth Sciences 50(012):1828–1834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, WJ, Cheng, P, Jull, AJT, Lu, XF, An, ZS, Wang, H, Zhu, YZ, Wu, ZK. 2014. 14C Chronostratigraphy for Qinghai Lake in China. Radiocarbon 56:143–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, WJ, Liu, TB, Wang, H, An, ZS, Cheng, P, Zhu, YZ, Burr, GS. 2016. Geological record of meltwater events at Qinghai Lake, China from the past 40 ka. Quaternary Science Reviews 149:279–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: Image

Zhou et al. supplementary material

Zhou et al. supplementary material 1

Download Zhou et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 4.3 MB
Supplementary material: File

Zhou et al. supplementary material

Zhou et al. supplementary material 2

Download Zhou et al. supplementary material(File)
File 12.5 KB
Supplementary material: File

Zhou et al. supplementary material

Zhou et al. supplementary material 3

Download Zhou et al. supplementary material(File)
File 68.6 KB