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Millennial variability of rates of sea-level rise in the ancient harbour of Naples (Italy, western Mediterranean Sea)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2019

Matteo Vacchi Open the ORCID record for Matteo Vacchi [Opens in a new window] ,
Elda Russo Ermolli ,
Christophe Morhange ,
Maria R. Ruello ,
Valentino Di Donato ,
Mauro A. Di Vito ,
Daniela Giampaola ,
Vittoria Carsana ,
Viviana Liuzza  and
Aldo Cinque
...Show all authors
Matteo Vacchi*
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze Della Terra, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Elda Russo Ermolli
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Christophe Morhange
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Coll France, CEREGE, 13545 Aix-en-Provence, France The Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies at the University of Haifa (RIMS), Haifa 31905, Israel
Maria R. Ruello
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Valentino Di Donato
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Mauro A. Di Vito
Affiliation:
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, sezione di Napoli Osservatorio Vesuviano, 80124 Naples, Italy
Daniela Giampaola
Affiliation:
Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle arti e Paesaggio per il comune di Napoli, 80132 Naples, Italy
Vittoria Carsana
Affiliation:
Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle arti e Paesaggio per il comune di Napoli, 80132 Naples, Italy
Viviana Liuzza
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Aldo Cinque
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
Giulia Boetto
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CCJ, 13094 Aix-en-Provence, France
Pierre Poveda
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CCJ, 13094 Aix-en-Provence, France
Giuliana Boenzi
Affiliation:
Soprintendenza Archeologia, Belle arti e Paesaggio per il comune di Napoli, 80132 Naples, Italy
Nick Marriner
Affiliation:
CNRS, ThéMA UMR 6049, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 32 rue Mégevand, Besançon Cedex, 25030, France
*
*Corresponding author: e-mail address: matteo.vacchi@unipi.it (M. Vacchi).
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Abstract

We reconstructed the late Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) evolution of the ancient harbour of Naples, one of the largest coastal conurbations in the Mediterranean. We carried out multiproxy investigations, coupling archaeological evidence with biological indicators. Our data robustly constrain 2000 yr of non-monotonic changes in sea level, chiefly controlled by the complex volcano-tectonic processes that characterize the area. Between ~200 BC and AD ~0, a subsidence rate of more than ~1.5 mm/yr enhanced the postglacial RSL rise, while negligible or moderate land uplift < ~0.5 mm/yr triggered a RSL stabilization during the Roman period (first five centuries AD). This stabilization was followed by a post-Roman enhancement of the sea-level rise when ground motion was negative, attested by a subsidence rate of ~0.5 to ~1 mm/yr. Our analysis seems to indicate very minor impacts of this nonmonotonic RSL evolution on the activities of the ancient harbour of Naples, which peaked from the third century BC to the second century AD. After this period, the progressive silting of the harbour basin made it impossible to safely navigate within the basin, leading to the progressive decline of the harbour.

Keywords

Geo-archeologySea-level changesAncient harboursNaplesVolcano-tectonicsMediterranean SeaParthenope-Neapolis
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 93 , January 2020 , pp. 284 - 298
Copyright
Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2019 

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