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Climate Forcing Due to the 8200 Cal yr BP Event Observed at Early Neolithic Sites in the Eastern Mediterranean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Bernhard Weninger ,
Eva Alram-Stern ,
Eva Bauer ,
Lee Clare ,
Uwe Danzeglocke ,
Olaf Jöris ,
Claudia Kubatzki ,
Gary Rollefson ,
Henrieta Todorova  and
Tjeerd van Andel
Bernhard Weninger*
Affiliation:
Universität zu Köln, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weyertal 125, D-50923 Köln
Eva Alram-Stern
Affiliation:
Mykenische Kommission, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Postgasse 7/St.1/1.St., A-1010 Wien
Eva Bauer
Affiliation:
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A26, D-14412 Potsdam
Lee Clare
Affiliation:
Universität zu Köln, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weyertal 125, D-50923 Köln
Uwe Danzeglocke
Affiliation:
Universität zu Köln, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weyertal 125, D-50923 Köln
Olaf Jöris
Affiliation:
Römisch Germanisches Zentralmuseum Mainz, Forschungsbereich Altsteinzeit, Schloβ Monrepos, D-56567 Neuwied
Claudia Kubatzki
Affiliation:
Previously: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegrafenberg A26, D-14412 Potsdam. Now: Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Bussestrasse 24, D-27570 Bremerhaven
Gary Rollefson
Affiliation:
Whitman College, Department of Anthropology, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, Washington, DC 99362, USA
Henrieta Todorova
Affiliation:
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Archaeological Institute and Museum, Saborna, 2, BG-1 000 Sofia
Tjeerd van Andel
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge, Department of Earth Sciences, Downing Street, GB-Cambridge CB2
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail address:b.weninger@uni-koeln.de (B. Weninger).
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Abstract

We explore the hypothesis that the abrupt drainage of Laurentide lakes and associated rapid switch of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation 8200 yr ago had a catastrophic influence on Neolithic civilisation in large parts of southeastern Europe, Anatolia, Cyprus, and the Near East. The event at 8200 cal yr BP is observed in a large number of high-resolution climate proxies in the Northern Hemisphere, and in many cases corresponds to markedly cold and arid conditions. We identify the relevant archaeological levels of major Neolithic settlements in Central Anatolia, Cyprus, Greece and Bulgaria, and examine published stratigraphic, architectural, cultural and geoarchaeological studies for these sites. The specific archaeological events and processes we observe at a number of these sites during the study interval 8400–8000 cal yr BP lead us to refine some previously established Neolithisation models. The introduction of farming to South-East Europe occurs in all study regions (Thrace, Macedonia, Thessaly, Bulgaria) near 8200 cal yr BP. We observe major disruptions of Neolithic cultures in the Levant, North Syria, South-East Anatolia, Central Anatolia and Cyprus, at the same time. We conclude that the 8200 cal yr BP aridity event triggered the spread of early farmers, by different routes, out of West Asia and the Near East into Greece and Bulgaria.

Keywords

8200 cal yr BP eventRadiocarbonNeolithisation
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 66 , Issue 3 , November 2006 , pp. 401 - 420
Copyright
University of Washington

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