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Bone histology, palaeobiology, and early diagenetic history of extinct equids from Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2020

Carmen Nacarino-Meneses Open the ORCID record for Carmen Nacarino-Meneses [Opens in a new window] ,
Anusuya Chinsamy Open the ORCID record for Anusuya Chinsamy [Opens in a new window] ,
Serdar Mayda Open the ORCID record for Serdar Mayda [Opens in a new window] ,
Tanju Kaya Open the ORCID record for Tanju Kaya [Opens in a new window]  and
Ugur Cengiz Erismis
Carmen Nacarino-Meneses*
Affiliation:
University of Cape Town, Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag X3, Rhodes Gift, Cape Town, 7700South Africa
Anusuya Chinsamy
Affiliation:
University of Cape Town, Department of Biological Sciences, Private Bag X3, Rhodes Gift, Cape Town, 7700South Africa
Serdar Mayda
Affiliation:
Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Bornova, Izmir, 35100Turkey Ege University, Natural History Museum, Bornova, Izmir, 35100Turkey
Tanju Kaya
Affiliation:
Ege University, Natural History Museum, Bornova, Izmir, 35100Turkey
Ugur Cengiz Erismis
Affiliation:
Afyon Kocatepe University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Molecular Biology and Genetics Department, Afyonkarahisar, 03200Turkey
*
*Corresponding author at: E-mail address: carmen.nacarino@gmail.com (C. Nacarino-Meneses).
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Abstract

Bone histology has proved to be a valuable tool to obtain information about the palaeobiology and early taphonomic history of fossil vertebrates. However, there are still many extinct taxa for which bone histology studies could be applied to deduce information about their life history and early diagenetic changes. Here, we partially fill this gap by studying bone microstructure and bone micropreservation in the third metapodia of Hipparion and Equus recovered from several Miocene, Pliocene, and Pleistocene localities in Turkey. Our histological analysis reveals that most of the bone cortices under study are composed of a well-vascularized fibrolamellar bone. Furthermore, we record the presence of compact coarse cancellous bone in a Hipparion metatarsal. In terms of histological preservation, our findings provide supporting evidence that differences in moisture, oxygen, and/or temperature during fossilisation at the different localities impacted the quality of bone preservation. Bacterial bioerosion was extensive in the samples, and we also identified a specific tunnelling morphology that we tentatively consider to be damage caused by freshwater algae. The present study provides novel insight into the palaeobiology and early diagenetic history of extinct horses from Turkey and sets the stage for further research in this area.

Keywords

EquidaeBone histologyPalaeobiologySkeletochronologyBioerosionDiagenesis
Type
Research Article
Information
Quaternary Research , Volume 100 , March 2021 , pp. 240 - 259
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Copyright © University of Washington. Published by Cambridge University Press, 2020

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