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Mid-IR cosmological spectrophotometric surveys from space: Measuring AGN and star formation at the cosmic noon with a SPICA-like mission

Part of: Exploring Astronomical Evolution with SPICA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 April 2021

Luigi Spinoglio Open the ORCID record for Luigi Spinoglio[Opens in a new window] ,
Sabrina Mordini ,
Juan Antonio Fernández-Ontiveros Open the ORCID record for Juan Antonio Fernández-Ontiveros[Opens in a new window] ,
Almudena Alonso-Herrero ,
Lee Armus ,
Laura Bisigello ,
Francesco Calura ,
Francisco J. Carrera ,
Asantha Cooray  and
Helmut Dannerbauer
...Show all authors
Luigi Spinoglio*
Affiliation:
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF–IAPS), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma I-00133, Italy
Sabrina Mordini
Affiliation:
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF–IAPS), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma I-00133, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma I-00185, Italy
Juan Antonio Fernández-Ontiveros
Affiliation:
Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (INAF–IAPS), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Roma I-00133, Italy
Almudena Alonso-Herrero
Affiliation:
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid 28692, Spain
Lee Armus
Affiliation:
Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
Laura Bisigello
Affiliation:
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (INAF–OAS), via Gobetti 93/3, Bologna I-40129, Italy
Francesco Calura
Affiliation:
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (INAF–OAS), via Gobetti 93/3, Bologna I-40129, Italy
Francisco J. Carrera
Affiliation:
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Santander E-39005, Spain
Asantha Cooray
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
Helmut Dannerbauer
Affiliation:
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), Dept. de Astrofísica, Avd. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez s/n, La Laguna E–38206, Spain
Roberto Decarli
Affiliation:
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (INAF–OAS), via Gobetti 93/3, Bologna I-40129, Italy
Eiichi Egami
Affiliation:
Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
David Elbaz
Affiliation:
Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DRF/Irfu, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, CEA-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette F-91191, France
Alberto Franceschini
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, Padova I-35122, Italy
Eduardo González Alfonso
Affiliation:
Universidad de Alcalá, Departamento de Fśica y Matemáticas, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28871, Spain
Luca Graziani
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Roma La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma I-00185, Italy
Carlotta Gruppioni
Affiliation:
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (INAF–OAS), via Gobetti 93/3, Bologna I-40129, Italy
Evanthia Hatziminaoglou
Affiliation:
European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, Garching, Germany
Hidehiro Kaneda
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
Kotaro Kohno
Affiliation:
Institute of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan
Álvaro Labiano
Affiliation:
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid 28692, Spain
Georgios Magdis
Affiliation:
Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Mariesvej 30, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
Matthew A. Malkan
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Hideo Matsuhara
Affiliation:
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan
Tohru Nagao
Affiliation:
Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
David Naylor
Affiliation:
Department of Physics & Astronomy, Institute for Space Imaging Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
Miguel Pereira-Santaella
Affiliation:
Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Ctra. de Ajalvir, Km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid 28850, Spain
Francesca Pozzi
Affiliation:
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (INAF–OAS), via Gobetti 93/3, Bologna I-40129, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 93/2, Bologna I-40129, Italy
Giulia Rodighiero
Affiliation:
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Padova, vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, Padova I-35122, Italy
Peter Roelfsema
Affiliation:
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Verlengde Hereweg 140A, Groningen 9722 AK, Netherlands University of Groningen, Kapteyn Astronomical Inst., PO Box 800, Landleven 12, Groningen 9700 AV, Netherlands
Stephen Serjeant
Affiliation:
School of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
Cristian Vignali
Affiliation:
Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio (INAF–OAS), via Gobetti 93/3, Bologna I-40129, Italy Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá degli Studi di Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 93/2, Bologna I-40129, Italy
Lingyu Wang
Affiliation:
SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Verlengde Hereweg 140A, Groningen 9722 AK, Netherlands
Toru Yamada
Affiliation:
Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
*
Author for correspondence: Luigi Spinoglio, E-mail: luigi.spinoglio@inaf.it
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Abstract

We use the SPace Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA) project as a template to demonstrate how deep spectrophotometric surveys covering large cosmological volumes over extended fields (1– $15\, \rm{deg^2}$ ) with a mid-IR imaging spectrometer (17– $36\, \rm{\rm{\upmu m}}$ ) in conjunction with deep $70\, \rm{\rm{\upmu m}}$ photometry with a far-IR camera, at wavelengths which are not affected by dust extinction can answer the most crucial questions in current galaxy evolution studies. A SPICA-like mission will be able for the first time to provide an unobscured three-dimensional (3D, i.e. x, y, and redshift z) view of galaxy evolution back to an age of the universe of less than $\sim$ 2 Gyrs, in the mid-IR rest frame. This survey strategy will produce a full census of the Star Formation Rate (SFR) in the universe, using polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) bands and fine-structure ionic lines, reaching the characteristic knee of the galaxy luminosity function, where the bulk of the population is distributed, at any redshift up to $z \sim 3.5$ . Deep follow-up pointed spectroscopic observations with grating spectrometers onboard the satellite, across the full IR spectral range (17– $210\, \rm{\rm{\upmu m}}$ ), would simultaneously measure Black Hole Accretion Rate (BHAR), from high-ionisation fine-structure lines, and SFR, from PAH and low- to mid-ionisation lines in thousands of galaxies from solar to low metallicities, down to the knee of their luminosity functions. The analysis of the resulting atlas of IR spectra will reveal the physical processes at play in evolving galaxies across cosmic time, especially its heavily dust-embedded phase during the activity peak at the cosmic noon ( $z \sim 1$ –3), through IR emission lines and features that are insensitive to the dust obscuration.

Keywords

galaxies: activegalaxies: evolutiongalaxies: star formationinfrared: galaxiestechniques: spectroscopictelescopes
Type
Research Article
Information
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia , Volume 38 , 2021 , e021
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© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Astronomical Society of Australia

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