The Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR) at the National Institutes of Health opened in 1995 to facilitate the advancement of research on social and behavioral influences on health. The establishment of the OBSSR coincided with the ascendancy of molecular biology, with its emphasis on more reductionistic influences on health. This greater emphasis on genetic aspects of health has the potential to produce a widening chasm between biomedical research and social, behavioral, and psychological research. We discuss the chasm between sociobehavioral and biomedical research during what might be considered the era of molecular biology and propose the concept of levels of analysis as a unifying framework for research in the health sciences, using research on hypertension in African Americans as a representative example. We also argue for the primacy of psychophysiological research in bridging the chasm and furthering a multilevel perspective and summarize some of the activities of the OBSSR that are relevant to this perspective.