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Failure of deactivation in the default mode network: a trait marker for schizophrenia?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 October 2014

R. Landin-Romero ,
P. J. McKenna ,
P. Salgado-Pineda ,
S. Sarró ,
C. Aguirre ,
C. Sarri ,
A. Compte ,
C. Bosque ,
J. Blanch  and
R. Salvador
...Show all authors
R. Landin-Romero
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
P. J. McKenna*
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain
P. Salgado-Pineda
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
S. Sarró
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
C. Aguirre
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain
C. Sarri
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain
A. Compte
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain
C. Bosque
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Benito Menni Complex Assistencial en Salut Mental, Barcelona, Spain
J. Blanch
Affiliation:
Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Infantil, Barcelona, Spain
R. Salvador
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
E. Pomarol-Clotet
Affiliation:
FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries, Barcelona, Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Spain
*
*Address for correspondence: P. J. McKenna, FIDMAG, Germanes Hospitalàries, Benito Menni CASM, C/. Dr Antoni Pujadas 38, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. (Email: mckennapeter1@gmail.com)
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Abstract

Background.

Functional imaging studies in relatives of schizophrenic patients have had inconsistent findings, particularly with respect to altered dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation. Some recent studies have also suggested that failure of deactivation may be seen.

Method.

A total of 28 patients with schizophrenia, 28 of their siblings and 56 healthy controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of the n-back working memory task. An analysis of variance was fitted to individual whole-brain maps from each set of patient–relative–matched pair of controls. Clusters of significant difference among the groups were then used as regions of interest to compare mean activations and deactivations among the groups.

Results.

In all, five clusters of significant differences were found. The schizophrenic patients, but not the relatives, showed reduced activation compared with the controls in the lateral frontal cortex bilaterally, the left basal ganglia and the cerebellum. In contrast, both the patients and the relatives showed significant failure of deactivation compared with the healthy controls in the medial frontal cortex, with the relatives also showing less failure than the patients. Failure of deactivation was not associated with schizotypy scores or presence of psychotic-like experiences in the relatives.

Conclusions.

Both schizophrenic patients and their relatives show altered task-related deactivation in the medial frontal cortex. This in turn suggests that default mode network dysfunction may function as a trait marker for schizophrenia.

Keywords

Default mode networkendophenotypefMRIschizophreniaworking memory
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 45 , Issue 6 , April 2015 , pp. 1315 - 1325
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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