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Depression and physical health multimorbidity: primary data and country-wide meta-analysis of population data from 190 593 people across 43 low- and middle-income countries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 April 2017

B. Stubbs ,
D. Vancampfort ,
N. Veronese ,
K. G. Kahl ,
A. J. Mitchell ,
P.-Y. Lin ,
P.-T. Tseng ,
J. Mugisha ,
M. Solmi  and
A. F. Carvalho
...Show all authors
B. Stubbs*
Affiliation:
Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
D. Vancampfort
Affiliation:
KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium
N. Veronese
Affiliation:
Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy Institute of Clinical Research and Education in Medicine (IREM), Padova, Italy
K. G. Kahl
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
A. J. Mitchell
Affiliation:
Department of Cancer and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
P.-Y. Lin
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Institute for Translational Research in Biomedical Sciences, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
P.-T. Tseng
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Tsyr-Huey Mental Hospital, Kaohsiung Jen-Ai's Home, Taiwan
J. Mugisha
Affiliation:
Kyambogo University, Kampala, Uganda Butabika National Referral and Mental Health Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
M. Solmi
Affiliation:
Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
A. F. Carvalho
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE 60430-040, Brazil
A. Koyanagi
Affiliation:
Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, 42, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona 08830, Spain Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM, Monforte de Lemos 3-5 Pabellón 11, Madrid 28029, Spain
*
*Address for correspondence: B. Stubbs, Ph.D., Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK. (Email: brendon.stubbs@kcl.ac.uk)
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Abstract

Background

Despite the known heightened risk and burden of various somatic diseases in people with depression, very little is known about physical health multimorbidity (i.e. two or more physical health co-morbidities) in individuals with depression. This study explored physical health multimorbidity in people with clinical depression, subsyndromal depression and brief depressive episode across 43 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Method

Cross-sectional, community-based data on 190 593 individuals from 43 LMICs recruited via the World Health Survey were analysed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to assess the association between depression and physical multimorbidity.

Results

Overall, two, three and four or more physical health conditions were present in 7.4, 2.4 and 0.9% of non-depressive individuals compared with 17.7, 9.1 and 4.9% among people with any depressive episode, respectively. Compared with those with no depression, subsyndromal depression, brief depressive episode and depressive episode were significantly associated with 2.62, 2.14 and 3.44 times higher odds for multimorbidity, respectively. A significant positive association between multimorbidity and any depression was observed across 42 of the 43 countries, with particularly high odds ratios (ORs) in China (OR 8.84), Laos (OR 5.08), Ethiopia (OR 4.99), the Philippines (OR 4.81) and Malaysia (OR 4.58). The pooled OR for multimorbidity and depression estimated by meta-analysis across 43 countries was 3.26 (95% confident interval 2.98–3.57).

Conclusions

Our large multinational study demonstrates that physical health multimorbidity is increased across the depression spectrum. Public health interventions are required to address this global health problem.

Keywords

Depressionlow- and middle-income countriesmultimorbidityphysical healthpsychiatry
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 47 , Issue 12 , September 2017 , pp. 2107 - 2117
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

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