Hostname: page-component-7c8c6479df-5xszh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-03-28T14:51:59.133Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Auditory event-related potentials, neurocognition, and global functioning in drug naïve first-episode schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 September 2021

Xiaojing Li
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Wei Deng
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Rui Xue
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Qiang Wang
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Hongyan Ren
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Wei Wei
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Yamin Zhang
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Mingli Li
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Liansheng Zhao
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Xiangdong Du
Affiliation:
Suzhou Psychiatry hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China
Yajing Meng
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Xiaohong Ma
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Mei-Hua Hall*
Affiliation:
Psychosis Neurobiology Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
Tao Li*
Affiliation:
Mental Health Center and Psychiatric Laboratory, the State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China West China Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Mental Health Education Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China Suzhou Psychiatry hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
*
Authors for correspondence: Mei-Hua Hall, E-mail: mhall@mclean.harvard.edu; Tao Li, E-mail: litaohx@scu.edu.cn
Authors for correspondence: Mei-Hua Hall, E-mail: mhall@mclean.harvard.edu; Tao Li, E-mail: litaohx@scu.edu.cn

Abstract

Background

Deficits in event-related potential (ERP) including duration mismatch negativity (MMN) and P3a have been demonstrated widely in chronic schizophrenia (SZ) but inconsistent findings were reported in first-episode patients. Psychotropic medications and diagnosis might contribute to different findings on MMN/P3a ERP in first-episode patients. The present study examined MMN and P3a in first episode drug naïve SZ and bipolar disorder (BPD) patients and explored the relationships among ERPs, neurocognition and global functioning.

Methods

Twenty SZ, 24 BPD and 49 age and sex-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Data of clinical symptoms [Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)], neurocognition [Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test (CCFT), Delay Matching to Sample (DMS), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVP)], and functioning [Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST)] were collected. P3a and MMN were elicited using a passive auditory oddball paradigm.

Results

Significant MMN and P3a deficits and impaired neurocognition were found in both SZ and BPD patients. In SZ, MMN was significantly correlated with FAST (r = 0.48) and CCFT (r = −0.31). In BPD, MMN was significantly correlated with DMS (r = −0.54). For P3a, RVP and FAST scores were significant predictors in SZ, whereas RVP, WAIS and FAST were significant predictors in BPD.

Conclusions

The present study found deficits in MMN, P3a, neurocognition in drug naïve SZ and BPD patients. These deficits appeared to link with levels of higher-order cognition and functioning.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andersen, E. H., Campbell, A. M., Schipul, S. E., Bellion, C. M., Donkers, F. C., Evans, A. M., & Belger, A. (2016). Electrophysiological correlates of aberrant motivated attention and salience processing in unaffected relatives of schizophrenia patients. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 47(1), 1123. doi:10.1177/1550059415598063.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreassen, O. A., Thompson, W. K., Schork, A. J., Ripke, S., Mattingsdal, M., Kelsoe, J. R., … Werge, T. (2013). Improved detection of common variants associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder using pleiotropy-informed conditional false discovery rate. PLOS Genetics, 9(4), e1003455. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Annett, M. (1970). A classification of hand preference by association analysis. British Journal of Psychology, 61(3), 303321. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1970.tb01248.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Atkinson, R. J., Michie, P. T., & Schall, U. (2012). Duration mismatch negativity and P3a in first-episode psychosis and individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis. Biological Psychiatry, 71(2), 98104. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.08.023.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barch, D. M. (2009). Neuropsychological abnormalities in schizophrenia and major mood disorders: Similarities and differences. Current Psychiatry Reports, 11(4), 313319. doi:10.1007/s11920-009-0045-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barch, D. M., & Sheffield, J. M. (2014). Cognitive impairments in psychotic disorders: Common mechanisms and measurement. World Psychiatry, 13(3), 224232. doi:10.1002/wps.20145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhat, A., Irizar, H., Thygesen, J. H., Kuchenbaecker, K., Pain, O., Adams, R. A., … Bramon, E. (2021). Transcriptome-wide association study reveals two genes that influence mismatch negativity. Cell Reports, 34(11), 108868. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108868.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Camalier, C. R., Scarim, K., Mishkin, M., & Averbeck, B. B. (2019). A comparison of auditory oddball responses in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala, and auditory cortex of macaque. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 31(7), 10541064. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_01387.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A., & Moffitt, T. E. (2018). All for one and one for all: Mental disorders in one dimension. American Journal of Psychiatry, 175(9), 831844. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17121383.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cattell, R. B. (1963). Theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence: A critical experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 54(1), 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Catts, S. V., Shelley, A. M., Ward, P. B., Liebert, B., McConaghy, N., Andrews, S., & Michie, P. T. (1995). Brain potential evidence for an auditory sensory memory deficit in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 152(2), 213219. doi:10.1176/ajp.152.2.213.Google ScholarPubMed
Chitty, K. M., Lagopoulos, J., Lee, R. S., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2013). A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 23(11), 13481363. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2013.07.007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Correll, C. U., Detraux, J., De Lepeleire, J., & De Hert, M. (2015). Effects of antipsychotics, antidepressants and mood stabilizers on risk for physical diseases in people with schizophrenia, depression and bipolar disorder. World Psychiatry, 14(2), 119136. doi: 10.1002/wps.20204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de la Salle, S., Shah, D., Choueiry, J., Bowers, H., McIntosh, J., Ilivitsky, V., & Knott, V. (2019). NMDA Receptor antagonist effects on speech-related mismatch negativity and its underlying oscillatory and source activity in healthy humans. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10(1663-9812 (Print)), 455. doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Devrim-Üçok, M., Keskin-Ergen, H. Y., & Üçok, A. (2006). Novelty P3 and P3b in first-episode schizophrenia and chronic schizophrenia. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology, 30(8), 14261434. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.05.019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dien, J., Spencer, K. M., & Donchin, E. (2003). Localization of the event-related potential novelty response as defined by principal components analysis. Cognitive Brain Research, 17(3), 637650. doi: 10.1016/s0926-6410(03)00188-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Erickson, M. A., Ruffle, A., & Gold, J. M. (2016). A meta-analysis of mismatch negativity in schizophrenia: From clinical risk to disease specificity and progression. Biological Psychiatry, 79(12), 980987. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.025.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Featherstone, R. E., Shin, R., Kogan, J. H., Liang, Y., Matsumoto, M., & Siegel, S. J. (2015). Mice with subtle reduction of NMDA NR1 receptor subunit expression have a selective decrease in mismatch negativity: Implications for schizophrenia prodromal population. Neurobiology of Disease, 73(1095-953X (Electronic)), 289295. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2014.10.010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
First, M. B. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders SCID-I: Clinician version, scoresheet. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
Furlow, F. B., Armijo-Prewitt, T., Gangestad, S. W., & Thornhill, R. (1997). Fluctuating asymmetry and psychometric intelligence. Proceedings: Biological sciences, The Royal Society, 264(1383), 823829. doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0115.Google ScholarPubMed
Gong, Y., & Dai, X. (1984). The simplified Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao, 9(4), 393400.Google Scholar
Goodkind, M., Eickhoff, S. B., Oathes, D. J., Jiang, Y., Chang, A., Jones-Hagata, L. B., … Korgaonkar, M. S. (2015). Identification of a common neurobiological substrate for mental illness. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(4), 305315. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2014.2206.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gratton, G., Coles, M. G., & Donchin, E. (1983). A new method for off-line removal of ocular artifact. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 55(4), 468484. doi:10.1016/0013-4694(83)90135-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haigh, S. M., Coffman, B. A., & Salisbury, D. F. (2017). Mismatch negativity in first-episode schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Clinical EEG Neuroscience, 48(1), 310. doi:10.1177/1550059416645980.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, M. H., Rijsdijk, F., Picchioni, M., Schulze, K., Ettinger, U., Toulopoulou, T., … Sham, P. (2007). Substantial shared genetic influences on schizophrenia and event-related potentials. American Journal of Psychiatry, 164(5), 804812. doi:10.1176/ajp.2007.164.5.804.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, M. H., Schulze, K., Rijsdijk, F., Kalidindi, S., McDonald, C., Bramon, E., … Sham, P. (2009). Are auditory P300 and duration MMN heritable and putative endophenotypes of psychotic bipolar disorder? A Maudsley bipolar twin and family study. Psychological Medicine, 39(8), 12771287. doi:10.1017/S0033291709005261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Halverson, T. F., Orleans-Pobee, M., Merritt, C., Sheeran, P., Fett, A. K., & Penn, D. L. (2019). Pathways to functional outcomes in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Meta-analysis of social cognitive and neurocognitive predictors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 105(1873–7528 (Electronic)), 212219. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.07.020.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, H. K., Perez, V. B., Ford, J. M., Roach, B. J., Jaeger, J., & Mathalon, D. H. (2018). Mismatch negativity but not P300 is associated with functional disability in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44(3), 492504. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hamilton, H. K., Roach, B. J., Bachman, P. M., Belger, A., Carrion, R. E., Duncan, E., … Addington, J. (2019). Association between P300 responses to auditory oddball stimuli and clinical outcomes in the psychosis risk syndrome. JAMA psychiatry, 76(11), 11871197. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.2135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamilton, M. (1960). The Hamilton Depression Scale – accelerator or break on antidepressant drug discovery. Psychiatry, 23, 5662. doi:10.1136/jnnp-2013-306984.Google Scholar
Hermens, D. F., Chitty, K. M., & Kaur, M. (2018). Mismatch negativity in bipolar disorder: A neurophysiological biomarker of intermediate effect? Schizophrenia Research, 191(1573–2509 (Electronic)), 132139. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.026.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hermens, D. F., Ward, P. B., Hodge, M. A., Kaur, M., Naismith, S. L., & Hickie, I. B. (2010). Impaired MMN/P3a complex in first-episode psychosis: Cognitive and psychosocial associations. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 34(6), 822829. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.03.019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Higgins, A., Lewandowski, K. E., Liukasemsarn, S., & Hall, M. H. (2021). Longitudinal relationships between mismatch negativity, cognitive performance, and real-world functioning in early psychosis. Schizophrenia Research, 228, 385393. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2021.01.009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsieh, M. H., Lin, Y. T., Chien, Y. L., Hwang, T. J., Hwu, H. G., Liu, C. M., & Liu, C. C. (2019). Auditory event-related potentials in antipsychotic-free subjects with ultra-high-risk state and first-episode psychosis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 223. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00223.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, Y., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Yu, X., Yan, J., … Wu, Y. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in China: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. The Lancet Psychiatry, 6(3), 211224. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(18)30511-X.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jahshan, C., Wynn, J. K., Mathis, K. I., Altshuler, L. L., Glahn, D. C., & Green, M. F. (2012). Cross-diagnostic comparison of duration mismatch negativity and P3a in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Bipolar Disorders, 14(3), 239248. doi:10.1111 / j.1399-5618.2012.01008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jeon, Y. W., & Polich, J. (2003). Meta-analysis of P300 and schizophrenia: Patients, paradigms, and practical implications. Psychophysiology, 40(5), 684701. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00070.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kanchanatawan, B., Thika, S., Anderson, G., Galecki, P., & Maes, M. (2018). Affective symptoms in schizophrenia are strongly associated with neurocognitive deficits indicating disorders in executive functions, visual memory, attention and social cognition. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 80(Pt C), 168176. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.031.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaur, M., Battisti, R. A., Lagopoulos, J., Ward, P. B., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2012). Neurophysiological biomarkers support bipolar-spectrum disorders within psychosis cluster. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 37(5), 313321. doi:10.1503/jpn.110081.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaur, M., Battisti, R. A., Ward, P. B., Ahmed, A., Hickie, I. B., & Hermens, D. F. (2011). MMN/P3a deficits in first episode psychosis: Comparing schizophrenia-spectrum and affective-spectrum subgroups. Schizophrenia Research, 130(1–3), 203209. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.03.025.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261276. doi: 10.1093/schbul/13.2.261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kim, S., Jeon, H., Jang, K.-I., Kim, Y.-W., Im, C.-H., & Lee, S.-H. (2019). Mismatch negativity and cortical thickness in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 45(2), 425435. doi:10.1093/schbul/sby041.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Korostenskaja, M., Dapsys, K., Siurkute, A., Maciulis, V., Ruksenas, O., & Kahkonen, S. (2005). Effects of olanzapine on auditory P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 29(4), 543548. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.01.019.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koshiyama, D., Miyakoshi, M., Thomas, M. L., Joshi, Y. B., Molina, J. L., Tanaka-Koshiyama, K., … Light, G. A. (2021). Unique contributions of sensory discrimination and gamma synchronization deficits to cognitive, clinical, and psychosocial functional impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Research, 228, 280287. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2020.12.042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koshiyama, D., Thomas, M. L., Miyakoshi, M., Joshi, Y. B., Molina, J. L., Tanaka-Koshiyama, K., … Light, G. A. (2020). Hierarchical pathways from sensory processing to cognitive, clinical, and functional impairments in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 47(2), 373385. 10.1093/schbul/sbaa116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kruiper, C., Fagerlund, B., Nielsen, M. Ø., Düring, S., Jensen, M. H., Ebdrup, B. H., … Oranje, B. (2019). Associations between P3a and P3b amplitudes and cognition in antipsychotic-naïve first-episode schizophrenia patients. Psychological Medicine, 49(5), 868875. doi:10.1017/S0033291718001575.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuswanto, C., Chin, R., Sum, M. Y., Sengupta, S., Fagiolini, A., McIntyre, R. S., … Sim, K. (2016). Shared and divergent neurocognitive impairments in adult patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Whither the evidence? Neuroscience Biobehavioral Reviews, 61, 6689. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.12.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, J., Rizzo, S., Altshuler, L., Glahn, D. C., Miklowitz, D. J., Sugar, C. A., … Green, M. F. (2017). Deconstructing bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: A cross-diagnostic cluster analysis of cognitive phenotypes. Journal of Affective Disorders, 209, 7179. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.030.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leucht, S., Kane, J. M., Kissling, W., Hamann, J., Etschel, E., & Engel, R. R. (2005). What does the PANSS mean? Schizophrenia Research, 79(2–3), 231238. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2005.04.008.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, S., Croft, R. J., Baldeweg, T., & Nathan, P. J. (2007). Acute dopamine D(1) and D(2) receptor stimulation does not modulate mismatch negativity (MMN) in healthy human subjects. Psychopharmacology, 194(4), 443451. doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0865-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewandowski, K. E., Cohen, B. M., & Ongur, D. (2011). Evolution of neuropsychological dysfunction during the course of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Psychological Medicine, 41(2), 225241. doi:10.1017/s0033291710001042.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Light, G. A., & Braff, D. L. (2005). Mismatch negativity deficits are associated with poor functioning in schizophrenia patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(2), 127136. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.2.127.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Light, G. A., & Näätänen, R. (2013). Mismatch negativity is a breakthrough biomarker for understanding and treating psychotic disorders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(38), 1517515176. doi:10.1073/pnas.1313287110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Light, G. A., Swerdlow, N. R., & Braff, D. L. (2007). Preattentive sensory processing as indexed by the MMN and P3a brain responses is associated with cognitive and psychosocial functioning in healthy adults. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 19(10), 16241632. doi:10.1162/jocn.2007.19.10.1624.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lukasiewicz, M., Gerard, S., Besnard, A., Falissard, B., Perrin, E., Sapin, H., … Azorin, J. M. (2013). Young mania rating scale: How to interpret the numbers? Determination of a severity threshold and of the minimal clinically significant difference in the EMBLEM cohort. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 22(1), 4658. doi:10.1002/mpr.1379.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathalon, D. H., Ford, J. M., & Pfefferbaum, A. (2000). Trait and state aspects of P300 amplitude reduction in schizophrenia: A retrospective longitudinal study. Biological Psychiatry, 47(5), 434449. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00277-2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHugh, M. L. (2011). Multiple comparison analysis testing in ANOVA. Biochemia Medica (Zagreb), 21(3), 203209. doi:10.11613/bm.2011.029.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Menezes, N., Arenovich, T., & Zipursky, R. (2006). A systematic review of longitudinal outcome studies of first-episode psychosis. Psychological Medicine, 36(10), 13491362. doi:10.1017/S0033291706007951.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mesholam-Gately, R. I., Giuliano, A. J., Goff, K. P., Faraone, S. V., & Seidman, L. J. (2009). Neurocognition in first-episode schizophrenia: A meta-analytic review. Neuropsychology, 23(3), 315336. doi:10.1037/a0014708.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Monaghan, C. K., Brickman, S., Huynh, P., Ongur, D., & Hall, M. H. (2019). A longitudinal study of event related potentials and correlations with psychosocial functioning and clinical features in first episode psychosis patients. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 145(1872–7697 (Electronic)), 4856. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.05.007.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mondragón-Maya, A., Solís-Vivanco, R., León-Ortiz, P., Rodríguez-Agudelo, Y., Yáñez-Téllez, G., Bernal-Hernández, J., … de la Fuente-Sandoval, C. (2013). Reduced P3a amplitudes in antipsychotic naive first-episode psychosis patients and individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(6), 755761. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.12.017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morales-Muñoz, I., Jurado-Barba, R., Fernández-Guinea, S., Álvarez-Alonso, M. J., Rodríguez-Jiménez, R., Jiménez-Arriero, M. A., & Rubio, G. (2017). Cognitive impairments in patients with first episode psychosis: The relationship between neurophysiological and neuropsychological assessments. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 36, 8087. doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2016.10.023.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Naatanen, R., Gaillard, A. W., & Mantysalo, S. (1978). Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted. Acta Psychologica, 42(4), 313329. doi:10.1016/0001-6918(78)90006-9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Näätänen, R., Sussman, E. S., Salisbury, D., & Shafer, V. L. (2014). Mismatch negativity (MMN) as an index of cognitive dysfunction. Brain Topography, 27(4), 451466. doi:10.1007/s10548-014-0374-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nagai, T., Tada, M., Kirihara, K., Araki, T., Jinde, S., & Kasai, K. (2013). Mismatch negativity as a “translatable” brain marker toward early intervention for psychosis: A review. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 115. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pearlson, G. D. (2015). Etiologic, phenomenologic, and endophenotypic overlap of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 11, 251281. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112915.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pekkonen, E., Katila, H., Ahveninen, J., Karhu, J., Huotilainen, M., & Tiihonen, J. (2002). Impaired temporal lobe processing of preattentive auditory discrimination in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 28(3), 467474. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Richards, A. L., Pardiñas, A. F., Frizzati, A., Tansey, K. E., Lynham, A. J., Holmans, P., … Walters, J. T. R. (2020). The relationship between polygenic risk scores and cognition in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 46(2), 336344. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbz061.Google ScholarPubMed
Rodriguez, J. S., Zürcher, N. R., Bartlett, T. Q., Nathanielsz, P. W., & Nijland, M. J. (2011). CANTAB delayed matching to sample task performance in juvenile baboons. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 196(2), 258263. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.01.012.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosa, A. R., Sanchez-Moreno, J., Martinez-Aran, A., Salamero, M., Torrent, C., Reinares, M., … Vieta, E. (2007). Validity and reliability of the Functioning Assessment Short Test (FAST) in bipolar disorder. Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health, 3(1), 5. doi:10.1186/1745-0179-3-5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sahakian, B. J., & Owen, A. (1992). Computerized assessment in neuropsychiatry using CANTAB: Discussion paper. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 85(7), 399.Google ScholarPubMed
Sweeney, J. A., Kmiec, J. A., & Kupfer, D. J. (2000). Neuropsychologic impairments in bipolar and unipolar mood disorders on the CANTAB neurocognitive battery. Biological Psychiatry, 48(7), 674684. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00910-0.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turetsky, B. I., Bilker, W. B., Siegel, S. J., Kohler, C. G., & Gur, R. E. (2009). Profile of auditory information-processing deficits in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 165(1–2), 2737. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.04.013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Umbricht, D., Javitt, D., Novak, G., Bates, J., Pollack, S., Lieberman, J., & Kane, J. (1998). Effects of clozapine on auditory event-related potentials in schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 44(8), 716725. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00524-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Umbricht, D., Koller, R., Schmid, L., Skrabo, A., Grübel, C., Huber, T., & Stassen, H. (2003). How specific are deficits in mismatch negativity generation to schizophrenia? Biological Psychiatry, 53(12), 11201131. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01642-6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Umbricht, D., & Krljes, S. (2005). Mismatch negativity in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 76(1), 123. doi:10.1016/j.schres.2004.12.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Umbricht, D. S., Bates, J. A., Lieberman, J. A., Kane, J. M., & Javitt, D. C. (2006). Electrophysiological indices of automatic and controlled auditory information processing in first-episode, recent-onset and chronic schizophrenia. Biological Psychiatry, 59(8), 762772. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.030.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valkonen-Korhonen, M., Purhonen, M., Tarkka, I. M., Sipilä, P., Partanen, J., Karhu, J., & Lehtonen, J. (2003). Altered auditory processing in acutely psychotic never-medicated first-episode patients. Cognitive Brain Research, 17(3), 747758. doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(03)00199-x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wada, M., Kurose, S., Miyazaki, T., Nakajima, S., Masuda, F., Mimura, Y., … Noda, Y. (2019). The P300 event-related potential in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 256(1573–2517 (Electronic)), 234249. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, Y.-S., Angst, J., Ou, C.-S., Chen, H.-C., & Lu, R.-B. (2008). Validation of the Chinese version of the hypomania checklist (HCL-32) as an instrument for detecting hypo (mania) in patients with mood disorders. Journal of Affective Disorders, 106(1–2), 133143. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.06.004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmerman, M., Martinez, J. H., Young, D., Chelminski, I., & Dalrymple, K. (2013). Severity classification on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Journal of Affective Disorders, 150(2), 384388. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.04.028.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Supplementary material: Image

Li et al. supplementary material

Li et al. supplementary material 1

Download Li et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 1.5 MB
Supplementary material: Image

Li et al. supplementary material

Li et al. supplementary material 2

Download Li et al. supplementary material(Image)
Image 2.5 MB