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Regulation of mRNA expression encoding chaperone and co-chaperone proteins of the glucocorticoid receptor in peripheral blood: association with depressive symptoms during pregnancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 October 2011

E. R. Katz ,
Z. N. Stowe ,
D. J. Newport ,
M. E. Kelley ,
T. W. Pace ,
J. F. Cubells  and
E. B. Binder
E. R. Katz
Affiliation:
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
Z. N. Stowe
Affiliation:
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atlanta, GA, USA
D. J. Newport
Affiliation:
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
M. E. Kelley
Affiliation:
Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Atlanta GA, USA
T. W. Pace
Affiliation:
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA
J. F. Cubells
Affiliation:
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, Atlanta, GA, USA
E. B. Binder*
Affiliation:
Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
*
*Address for correspondence: E. B. Binder, MD PhD, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2–10, 80804 Munich, Germany. (Email: binder@mpipsykl.mpg.de)
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Abstract

Background

Major depressive disorder during pregnancy associates with potentially detrimental consequences for mother and child. The current study examined peripheral blood gene expression as a potential biomarker for prenatal depressive symptoms.

Method

Maternal RNA from whole blood, plasma and the Beck Depression Inventory were collected longitudinally from preconception through the third trimester of pregnancy in 106 women with a lifetime history of mood or anxiety disorders. The expression of 16 genes in whole blood involved in glucorticoid receptor (GR) signaling was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. In parallel, plasma concentrations of progesterone, estradiol and cortisol were measured. Finally, we assessed ex vivo GR sensitivity in peripheral blood cells from a subset of 29 women.

Results

mRNA expression of a number of GR-complex regulating genes was up-regulated over pregnancy. Women with depressive symptoms showed significantly smaller increases in mRNA expression of four of these genes – FKBP5, BAG1, NCOA1 and PPID. Ex vivo stimulation assays showed that GR sensitivity diminished with progression of pregnancy and increasing maternal depressive symptoms. Plasma concentrations of gonadal steroids and cortisol did not differ over pregnancy between women with and without clinically relevant depressive symptoms.

Conclusions

The presence of prenatal depressive symptoms appears to be associated with altered regulation of GR sensitivity. Peripheral expression of GR co-chaperone genes may serve as a biomarker for risk of developing depressive symptoms during pregnancy. The presence of such biomarkers, if confirmed, could be utilized in treatment planning for women with a psychiatric history.

Keywords

Co-chaperonegene expressionglucocorticoid receptorperipartum depressionperipheral bloodsteroid hormones
Type
Original Articles
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 42 , Issue 5 , May 2012 , pp. 943 - 956
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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