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Progressive brain structural abnormality in depression assessed with MR imaging by using causal network analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 September 2021

Shaoqiang Han Open the ORCID record for Shaoqiang Han [Opens in a new window] ,
Ruiping Zheng ,
Shuying Li ,
Liang Liu ,
Caihong Wang ,
Yu Jiang ,
Mengmeng Wen ,
Bingqian Zhou ,
Yarui Wei  and
Jianyue Pang
...Show all authors
Shaoqiang Han*
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Ruiping Zheng
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Shuying Li
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Liang Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Caihong Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Yu Jiang
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Mengmeng Wen
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Bingqian Zhou
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Yarui Wei
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Jianyue Pang
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Hengfen Li
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
Yong Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Yuan Chen*
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
Jingliang Cheng*
Affiliation:
Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Imaging of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Detection and Application of Brain Function of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China Engineering Research Center of Medical Imaging Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Brain Function of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Cognitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, China Key Laboratory of Imaging Intelligence Research Medicine of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
*
Authors for correspondence: Shaoqiang Han, E-mail: shaoqianghan@163.com, Jingliang Cheng, E-mail: fccchengjl@zzu.edu.cn, Yuan Chen, E-mail: chenyuanshizt@163.com
Authors for correspondence: Shaoqiang Han, E-mail: shaoqianghan@163.com, Jingliang Cheng, E-mail: fccchengjl@zzu.edu.cn, Yuan Chen, E-mail: chenyuanshizt@163.com
Authors for correspondence: Shaoqiang Han, E-mail: shaoqianghan@163.com, Jingliang Cheng, E-mail: fccchengjl@zzu.edu.cn, Yuan Chen, E-mail: chenyuanshizt@163.com
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Abstract

Background

As a neuroprogressive illness, depression is accompanied by brain structural abnormality that extends to many brain regions. However, the progressive structural alteration pattern remains unknown.

Methods

To elaborate the progressive structural alteration of depression according to illness duration, we recruited 195 never-treated first-episode patients with depression and 130 healthy controls (HCs) undergoing T1-weighted MRI scans. Voxel-based morphometry method was adopted to measure gray matter volume (GMV) for each participant. Patients were first divided into three stages according to the length of illness duration, then we explored stage-specific GMV alterations and the causal effect relationship between them using causal structural covariance network (CaSCN) analysis.

Results

Overall, patients with depression presented stage-specific GMV alterations compared with HCs. Regions including the hippocampus, the thalamus and the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) presented GMV alteration at onset of illness. Then as the illness advanced, others regions began to present GMV alterations. These results suggested that GMV alteration originated from the hippocampus, the thalamus and vmPFC then expanded to other brain regions. The results of CaSCN analysis revealed that the hippocampus and the vmPFC corporately exerted causal effect on regions such as nucleus accumbens, the precuneus and the cerebellum. In addition, GMV alteration in the hippocampus was also potentially causally related to that in the dorsolateral frontal gyrus.

Conclusions

Consistent with the neuroprogressive hypothesis, our results reveal progressive morphological alteration originating from the vmPFC and the hippocampus and further elucidate possible details about disease progression of depression.

Keywords

Causal network of structural covariancedepressionmorphometric MRIprogression
Type
Original Article
Information
Psychological Medicine , Volume 53 , Issue 5 , April 2023 , pp. 2146 - 2155
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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