Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-vpsfw Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-19T06:15:57.207Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Compounding Composites from Raw Materials with Extrusion Directly on 3D Printer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 May 2022

O. Rundbäck Martinsson
Affiliation:
Lund University, Sweden
A. Nordin
Affiliation:
Lund University, Sweden
J. Tavčar*
Affiliation:
Lund University, Sweden

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The materials most commonly used in 3D-printers are in a filament form. This is a barrier for users who want to have new types of filaments with different material compositions. A 3D-printer which can extrude and print directly from the raw material was assembled. Compounding with the common additive types; fibres, and metal powders was performed. The size and volumetric output of an extruder was scaling down. Verification was done by mechanical testing, and electron microscopy. The positive result is opening the path to a more accessible composites for both researchers and home producers.

Type
Article
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
Copyright
The Author(s), 2022.

References

Bacalhau, J., Cunha, T., and Afonso, C. (2017), “Effect of Ni content on the hardenability of a bainitic steel for plastics processing,” COBEM 2017 (24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering), Curitiba - PR, Dec.Google Scholar
Bakir, A.A., Atik, R., Özrinç, S. (2021), “Mechanical properties of thermoplastic parts produced by fused deposition modeling:a review”, Rapid prototyping journal, Vol. 27(3), 537561.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumers, M., Beltrametti, L., Gasparre, A. and Hague, R. (2017), “Informing Additive Manufacturing technology adoption: total cost and the impact of capacity utilisation”, International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 55, No. 23, pp. 69576970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BLB. (2021). Blb the box, [Online]. Available: https://blbindustries.se/the-box-1500-eng/ (visited on 05/06/2021).Google Scholar
Brenken, B., Barocio, E., Favaloro, A., Kunc, V., Pipes, R.B. (2018), “Fused filament fabrication of fiber-reinforced polymers: A review”, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 21, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, J. X., Wong, J.F., Hassan, A., Mohamad, Z., and Othman, N. (2020), “Mechanical properties of wollastonite reinforced thermoplastic composites: A review,” Polymer Composites, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 395429.Google Scholar
Diegel, O., Nordin, A., and Motte, D. (2019), “A Practical Guide to Design for Additive Manufacturing”. Springer, Singapore, 2019.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feo, J. A. D. and Barnard, W. (2005), JURAN Institute's Six Sigma Breakthrough and Beyond - Quality Performance Breakthrough Methods. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2005.Google Scholar
Franchetti, M., and Kress, C. (2017), “An economic analysis comparing the cost feasibility of replacing injection molding processes with emerging additive manufacturing techniques”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Vol. 88, pp. 25732579.Google Scholar
George, B. (2020), “Max volumetric speed”, [Online]. Available: https://help.prusa3d.com/en/article/max-volumetric-speed_127176 (visited on 04/08/2021).Google Scholar
ISO 17296–2:2015, Standard, “Additive manufacturing – general principles – overview of process categories and feedstock”, ISO 17296–2:2015(E), 2015.Google Scholar
Kimura, K., Itamochi, Y., and Tomiyama, H. (2013), “The evaluation of mixing characteristics of dulmage screw, ” in Multi-Functional Materials and Structures IV, ser. Advanced Materials Research, vol. 747, Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Oct. 2013, pp. 769772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
N, LLC. (2020), Pla 4043d datasheet. [Online]. Available: https://www.natureworksllc.com (visited on 02/24/2020).Google Scholar
Niaki, M.K., Nonino, F., Palombi, G., Torabi, S.A. (2019), “Economic sustainability of additive manufacturing: Contextual factors driving its performance in rapid prototyping”, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 353365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, T., Zhu, Y., Leu, M., Bourell, D. (2020), “Additive manufacturing-enabled design, manufacturing, and lifecycle performance”, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 36, 2020,CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Patil, A., Patel, A., and Purohit, R. (2017), “An overview of Polymeric Materials for Automotive Applications”, Materials Today: Proceedings 4 (2017) 38073815.Google Scholar
Rundbäck Martinsson, O. (2021), 3D Printing Composites from Raw Material, Department of Design Sciences, Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University.Google Scholar
Serdeczny, M., Comminal, P., Pedersen, R., B, D.., Spangenberg, J. (2020), “Experimental and analytical study of the polymer melt flow through the hot-end in material extrusion additive manufacturing”, Additive Manufacturing, Vol. 32, 2020, 100997.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shibo, M., Huajun, Y., Shuochao, L., Shuai, L., Xingbang, Z. (2019), “Design of 3D printing feeding system and extrusion system based on fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology with multiple material inlet and granule as raw material,” Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology, Vol. 40(5):438445.Google Scholar
Tavčar, J. & Nordin, A., (2021), “Multi-criteria assessment and process selection model for additive manufacturing in the conceptual phase of design”, In: Proceedings of the Design Society. 1, p. 2197-2206 10 p.Google Scholar
Torrado, A.R., Shemelya, C.M., English, J.D., Lin, Y., Wicker, R.B., Roberson, D.A. (2015), “Characterizing the effect of additives to ABS on the mechanical property anisotropy of specimens fabricated by material extrusion 3D printing”, Additive Manufacturing Vol. 6, 1629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, B.N., Strong, R., and Gold, A.S. (2014), “A review of melt extrusion additive manufacturing processes: I. Process design and modeling”, Rapid Prototyping Journal, Vol. 20 No. 3, pp. 192204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, J. R., Mount, E. M., and Giles, H. F. (2014), “3 - single screw extruder: Equipment,” in Extrusion, ser. Plastics Design Library, Wagner, J. R., Mount, E. M., and Giles, H. F., Eds., Second Edition, Oxford: William Andrew Publishing, 2014, pp. 1746.Google Scholar
Wiese, M., Thiede, S., Herrmann, C. (2020), “Rapid manufacturing of automotive polymer series parts: A systematic review of processes, materials and challenges”, Additive Manufacturing 36 (2020) 101582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar