In Japan, victims of large-scale disasters are usually identified by non-objective means. In the case of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, ~90% of the bodies were identified based on nonobjective means such as facial features or belongings, which resulted in misidentification. At present, the situation remains the same. However, according to global standards, a method referred to as “disaster victim identification” (DVI; individual identification of disaster victims) is recommended by the International Criminal Police Organization; in this method, a multidisciplinary investigation team integrates objective information such as dental charts and DNA. Furthermore, recently, there has been a movement to employ postmortem computed tomography (CT) for personal identification, and radiologists are expected to be included in the DVI team.

In the Department of Legal Medicine of Chiba University in Japan, individual identification via CT or magnetic resonance imaging was conducted in forensic autopsy cases of unknown identities when there was an assumed person for the body and the antemortem image of the person could be acquired. Two certified radiologists interpreted and compared the antemortem CT with the postmortem CT taken prior to autopsy and assessed whether the two images were compatible to indicate the same person.

A total of 20 cases were judged. In all cases, two images were compatible, indicating the same person. Image-based identification was particularly useful when dental findings or fingerprints were unavailable for comparison and there were no family members available for DNA testing.

In the future, this method will be applied to large-scale disasters.