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Comparison of Computerized Patients versus Live Moulaged Actors for a Mass-casualty Drill

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2015

Ilene Claudius ,
Amy Kaji ,
Genevieve Santillanes ,
Mark Cicero ,
J. Joelle Donofrio ,
Marianne Gausche-Hill ,
Saranya Srinivasan  and
Todd P. Chang
Ilene Claudius*
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CaliforniaUSA
Amy Kaji
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CaliforniaUSA
Genevieve Santillanes
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CaliforniaUSA
Mark Cicero
Affiliation:
Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, ConnecticutUSA
J. Joelle Donofrio
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CaliforniaUSA
Marianne Gausche-Hill
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Harbor-University of California-Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CaliforniaUSA
Saranya Srinivasan
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CaliforniaUSA
Todd P. Chang
Affiliation:
Department of Emergency Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CaliforniaUSA
*
Correspondence: Ilene Claudius, MD University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine 1200 North State Street, 1011 Los Angeles, California 90033 USA E-mail: iaclaudius@gmail.com
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Abstract

Introduction

Multiple modalities for simulating mass-casualty scenarios exist; however, the ideal modality for education and drilling of mass-casualty incident (MCI) triage is not established.

Hypothesis/Problem

Medical student triage accuracy and time to triage for computer-based simulated victims and live moulaged actors using the pediatric version of the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (JumpSTART) mass-casualty triage tool were compared, anticipating that student performance and experience would be equivalent.

Methods

The victim scenarios were created from actual trauma records from pediatric high-mechanism trauma presenting to a participating Level 1 trauma center. The student-reported fidelity of the two modalities was also measured. Comparisons were done using nonparametric statistics and regression analysis using generalized estimating equations.

Results

Thirty-three students triaged four live patients and seven computerized patients representing a spectrum of minor, immediate, delayed, and expectant victims. Of the live simulated patients, 92.4% were given accurate triage designations versus 81.8% for the computerized scenarios (P=.005). The median time to triage of live actors was 57 seconds (IQR=45-66) versus 80 seconds (IQR=58-106) for the computerized patients (P<.0001). The moulaged actors were felt to offer a more realistic encounter by 88% of the participants, with a higher associated stress level.

Conclusion

While potentially easier and more convenient to accomplish, computerized scenarios offered less fidelity than live moulaged actors for the purposes of MCI drilling. Medical students triaged live actors more accurately and more quickly than victims shown in a computerized simulation.

ClaudiusI, KajiA, SantillanesG, CiceroM, DonofrioJJ, Gausche-HillM, SrinivasanS, ChangTP. Comparison of Computerized Patients versus Live Moulaged Actors for a Mass-casualty Drill. Prehosp Disaster Med.2015; 30(5): 438–442.

Keywords

emergency departmentmass-casualty incidenttriage
Type
Original Research
Information
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine , Volume 30 , Issue 5 , October 2015 , pp. 438 - 442
Copyright
© World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2015 

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