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Evaluation of molecular variability in germplasm of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia G. Jackson in Andrews) in Southeast Mexico: implications for genetic improvement and conservation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 February 2016

Alma Laura Ramos-Castellá
Affiliation:
Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Campus para la Cultura, las Artes y el Deporte, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101, Colonia Emiliano Zapata, C.P. 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Lourdes G. Iglesias-Andreu*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada (INBIOTECA), Universidad Veracruzana, Campus para la Cultura, las Artes y el Deporte, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas No. 101, Colonia Emiliano Zapata, C.P. 91090 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
Jaime Martínez-Castillo
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Matilde Ortíz-García
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburna de Hidalgo, C.P. 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
Rubén Humberto Andueza-Noh
Affiliation:
División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Conkal, Yucatán, Antigua Carretera Mérida-Motul Km. 16.3. C.P. 97345, Yucatán, Mexico
Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Genética, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5. Ciudad del Conocimiento Col. Carboneras, Mineral de la Reforma, C.P. 42184, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico
Mauricio Luna-Rodríguez
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Alta Tecnología de Xalapa S.C., Universidad Veracruzana, Calle Médicos Núm. 5, Col. Unidad del Bosque, C.P. 91010 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: xliglesias@gmail.com

Abstract

Molecular variability of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) and three wild species was assessed to explore the possible sources of variation that can be used for crop improvement. A total of 154 ISSR loci were analysed by the UPGMA, assignment tests of individuals (STRUCTURE) and indices of genetic diversity. The assignment tests were done at two levels: first considering the four species and then only the accessions of V. planifolia. The molecular analysis indicated 99.3% polymorphism among all species and 70.45% within V. planifolia. The UPGMA showed the separation of these four species into three groups and grouped V. planifolia accessions into three subgroups. The more genetically differentiated accessions were of the Rayada morphotype and a wild accession was from Oaxaca, followed by a wild accession from Quintana Roo; all the commercial accessions of V. planifolia (Mansa morphotype) were grouped together. The STRUCTURE analysis differentiated between V. planifolia and the three wild species, and among the accessions of the Mansa and Rayada morphotypes and the wild accessions. The STRUCTURE analysis also indicated the presence of mixed individuals. These results are of great importance since the accessions of V. planifolia that are genetically more differentiated are the most threatened due to the scarcity of these individuals, the destruction of habitat and replacement by the commercial morphotype. These individuals should be salvaged and used to expand the genetic background of vanilla.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © NIAB 2016 

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