Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T00:15:36.025Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Democratic Theory after Transitions from Authoritarian Rule

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 June 2011

Gerardo L. Munck
Gerardo L. Munck
Affiliation:
School of International Relations, USC
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Recent events across the globe make clear the complexities of the politics of “democratization” and the importance of developing nuanced and compelling understandings of these complexities. In Eurasia, “Color Revolutions” have given way to democratic disappointments and “authoritarian regimes.” In north Africa, an unanticipated upsurge of democratic movements has felled autocrats in Tunisia and Egypt, but the political outcomes of these “transitions” are very much in doubt. Contemporary political science has developed an elaborate vocabulary for understanding such processes. And this vocabulary owes a great deal to a small group of scholars—Juan Linz, Guillermo O'Donnell, Philippe Schmitter, Alfred Stepan and Adam Przeworksi—who helped to lay the theoretical foundations of our current understanding of politics around the globe.

Type
Review Essay
Information
Perspectives on Politics , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 333 - 343
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acemoglu, Daron, and Robinson, James A.. 2006. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Angrist, Joshua D., and Pischke, Jörn-Steve. 2010. “The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design is Taking the Con out of Econometrics.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 24(2): 3–30.Google Scholar
Boix, Carles. 2003. Democracy and Redistribution. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bresser Pereira, Luiz Carlos, Maravall, José María, and Przeworski, Adam. 1993. Economic Reform in New Democracies: A Social-Democratic Approach. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cheibub, José Antonio. 2007. Presidentialism, Parliamentarism, and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Collier, Ruth Berins. 1999. Paths Toward Democracy: Working Class and Elites in Western Europe and South America. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, Robert A. 1956. A Preface to Democratic Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert A. 1971. Polyarchy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Dahl, Robert A. 1985. A Preface to Economic Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, Robert A. 1989. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry. 1999. Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, Larry, Linz, Juan J., and Lipset, Seymour Martin, eds. 1988/1989. Democracy in Developing Countries. Vol. 2, Africa; Vol. 3, Asia; Vol. 4, Latin America. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.Google Scholar
Diamond, Larry, Linz, Juan J., and Lipset, Seymour Martin 1990. “Introduction: Comparing Experiences with Democracy.” In Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy, ed. Diamond, Larry, Linz, Juan J., and Lipset, Seymour Martin. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diamond, Larry, Linz, Juan J., and Lipset, Seymour Martin 1995. “Introduction: What Makes for Democracy?” In Politics in Developing Countries: Comparing Experiences with Democracy, ed. Diamond, Larry, Linz, Juan J., and Lipset, Seymour Martin. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunning, Thad. 2008. Crude Democracy: Natural Resource Wealth and Political Regimes. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fukuyama, Francis. 2007. “Liberalism versus State-Building.” Journal of Democracy 18(3): 10–13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gandhi, Jennifer. 2008. Political Institutions under Dictatorship. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirschman, Albert O. 1971. A Bias for Hope: Essays on Development and Latin America. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Hirschman, Albert O. 1986. “In Defense of Possibilism.” In Rival Views of Market Society and Other Recent Essays. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel P. 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Huntington, Samuel, and Nelson, Joan. 1976. No Easy Choice: Political Participation in Developing Countries. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laitin, David. 1995. “Transitions to Democracy and Territorial Integrity.” In Sustainable Democracy, Przeworski, Adam et al. . New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Leff, Carol Skalnik. 1999. “Democratization and Disintegration in Multinational States: The Breakup of the Communist Federations.” World Politics 51(2): 205–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levitsky, Steven, and Way, Lucan A.. 2010. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lijphart, Arend. 1977. Democracy in Plural Societies. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Linz, Juan J. 1978. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Crisis, Breakdown, and Reequilibriation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Linz, Juan J. 1990. “Perils of Presidentialism.” Journal of Democracy 1(1): 51–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linz, Juan J. 1993. “State Building and Nation Building.” European Review 1(4): 355–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linz, Juan J. 1994. “Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does It Make a Difference?” In The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Vol. 1, Comparative Perspectives, ed. Linz, Juan J. and Valenzuela, Arturo. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linz, Juan J. 1997. “Democracy Today: An Agenda for Students of Democracy.” Scandinavian Political Studies 20(2): 115–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linz, Juan J. 1999. “Democracia, multinacionalismo y federalism.” Revista Española de Ciencia Política 1(1): 7–40. [An English version of this article is “Democracy, Multinationalism and Federalism.” 1997. Working paper #1997/103, Juan March Institute, June.]Google Scholar
Linz, Juan J., and Stepan, Alfred. 1992. “Political Identities and Electoral Sequences: Spain, the Soviet Union, and Yugoslavia.” Daedalus 121(2): 123–39.Google Scholar
Linz, Juan J., and Stepan, Alfred. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southern Europe, South America and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linz, Juan, and Valenzuela, Arturo, eds. 1994a. The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Vol. 1, Comparative Perspectives. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linz, Juan, and Valenzuela, Arturo 1994b. The Failure of Presidential Democracy. Vol. 2, The Case of Latin America. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1960. Political Man: The Social Bases of Politics. New York: Doubleday/Anchor Books.Google Scholar
Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Lakin, Jason. 2004. The Democratic Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.Google Scholar
Lowenthal, Abraham. 1986. “Foreword.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies, ed. O'Donnell, Guillermo and Schmitter, Philippe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Mansfield, Edward D., and Snyder, Jack. 2005. Electing to Fight: Why Emerging Democracies Go to War. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mazzuca, Sebastián. 2010. “Access to Power versus Exercise of Power: Reconceptualizing the Quality of Democracy in Latin America.” Studies in Comparative Development 45(3): 334–57.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, Barrington. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Munck, Gerardo L., and Snyder, Richard. 2007. Passion, Craft, and Method in Comparative Politics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1993. “On the State, Democratization and Some Conceptual Problems (A Latin American View with Glances at Some Post-Communist Countries).” World Development 21(8): 1355–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1994. “Delegative Democracy.” Journal of Democracy 5(1): 55–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo. 1999. Counterpoints: Selected Essays on Authoritarianism and Democratization. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo. 2007. Dissonances: Democratic Critiques of Democracy. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo, and Schmitter, Philippe. 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Tentative Conclusions about Uncertain Democracies. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
O'Donnell, Guillermo, Schmitter, Philippe, and Whitehead, Laurence, eds. 1986. Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Prospects for Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1991. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1985. Capitalism and Social Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1986. “Some Problems in the Study of the Transition to Democracy.” In Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives, ed. O'Donnell, Guillermo, Schmitter, Philippe, and Whitehead, Laurence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 1999. “Minimalist Conception of Democracy: A Defense.” In Democracy's Value, ed. Shapiro, Ian and Hacker-Cordón, Casiano. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 2004a. “The Last Instance: Are Institutions the Primary Cause of Economic Development?” European Journal of Sociology 45(2): 165–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 2004b. “Capitalism, Development and Democracy.” Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 24(4): 487–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam. 2009. “Conquered or Granted? A History of Franchise Extensions.” British Journal of Political Science 39(2): 291–321.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam et al. 1995. Sustainable Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael E., Cheibub, José Antonio, and Limongi, Fernando. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, and Limongi, Fernando. 1993. “Political Regimes and Economic Growth.” Journal of Economic Perspectives 7(3): 51–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, and Limongi, Fernando. 1997. “Modernization: Theories and Facts.” World Politics 49(2): 155–83.Google Scholar
Przeworski, Adam, Manin, Bernard, and Stokes, Susan, eds. 1999. Democracy, Accountability, and Representation. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, James A. 2010. “Comparative Democratization: Advances in Quantitative Research.” APSA-CD 8(3): 1, 8–11.Google Scholar
Rustow, Dankwart A. 1970. “Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model.” Comparative Politics 2(3): 337–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitter, Philippe C. 1993. “The International Context of Contemporary Democratization.” Stanford Journal of International Affairs 2(1): 1–34.Google Scholar
Schmitter, Philippe C. 2008. “International Democracy Promotion and Protection: Theory and Impact.” In The International Politics of Democratization: Comparative Perspectives, ed. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Schmitter, Philippe C. 2010. “Twenty-five Years, Fifteen Findings.” Journal of Democracy 21(1): 17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stepan, Alfred. 2001. “Toward a New Comparative Politics of Federalism, (Multi)nationalism, and Democracy: Beyond Rikerian Federalism.” In Arguing Comparative Politics, ed. Stepan, Alfred. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stepan, Alfred, and Skach, Cindy. 1993. “Constitutional Frameworks and Democratic Consolidation: Parliamentarism versus Presidentialism.” World Politics 46(1): 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tansey, Oisín. 2007. “Democratization without a State: Democratic Regime-Building in Kosovo.” Democratization 14(1): 129–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tansey, Oisín. 2010. “Does Democracy Need Sovereignty?” Review of International Studies. Available on CJO September 2, 2010.Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles. 2007. Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, Laurence. 2005. “Freezing the Flow: Theorizing about Democratization in a World in Flux.” Taiwan Journal of Democracy 1(1): 1–20.Google Scholar
Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. 2005. “Reflections on the Transition to Democracy Project 25 Years Later.” Noticias: Latin American Program Newsletter (Winter): 1–4.Google Scholar
Zakaria, Fareed. 2003. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad. New York: W. W. Norton.Google Scholar