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The salivary transcriptome of Limnobdella mexicana (Annelida: Clitellata: Praobdellidae) and orthology determination of major leech anticoagulants

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 June 2019

Rafael Iwama Open the ORCID record for Rafael Iwama [Opens in a new window] ,
Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa ,
Gonzalo Giribet  and
Sebastian Kvist
Rafael Iwama*
Affiliation:
Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2B4, Canada
Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa
Affiliation:
Laboratorio de Helmintología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Zona Deportiva 53, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Coyoacan Ciudad de México, México
Gonzalo Giribet
Affiliation:
Museum of Comparative Zoology & Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA, 02138, USA
Sebastian Kvist
Affiliation:
Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2B4, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Rafael Iwama, E-mail: rafael.iwama@mail.utoronto.ca
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Abstract

Bloodfeeding requires several adaptations that allow the parasite to feed efficiently. Leeches and other hematophagous animals have developed different mechanisms to inhibit hemostasis, one of the main barriers imposed by their hosts. Limnobdella mexicana is a member of the leech family Praobdellidae, a family of host generalists known for their preference to attach on mucosal membranes of mammals, such as those in nasopharyngeal cavities, bladders and ocular orbits. Previous studies have hypothesized a positive relationship between diversity of anticoagulants and diversity of hosts in bloodfeeding leeches. However, orthology determination of putative anticoagulants and the lack of standardization of sequencing effort and method hinder comparisons between publicly available transcriptomes generated in different laboratories. In the present study, we examine the first transcriptome of a praobdellid leech and identify 15 putative anticoagulants using a phylogeny-based inference approach, amino-acid conservation, Pfam domains and BLAST searches. Our phylogenetic analyses suggest that the ancestral leech was able to inhibit factor Xa and that some hirudins that have been reported in previous studies on leech anticoagulants may not be orthologous with the archetypal hirudin.

Keywords

AnticoagulantsantistasinbloodfeedinghirudinPraobdellidaetranscriptomics
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 146 , Issue 10 , September 2019 , pp. 1338 - 1346
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019 

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