Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-c4f8m Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T06:56:18.077Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Molecular discrimination and genetic diversity of three common tick-borne pathogens in dogs in Thailand

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2021

Napassorn Poolsawat ,
Keiichiro Tazawa ,
Witchuta Junsiri ,
Amaya Watthanadirek ,
Nitipon Srionrod ,
Runglawan Chawengkirttikul  and
Panat Anuracpreeda Open the ORCID record for Panat Anuracpreeda [Opens in a new window]
Napassorn Poolsawat
Affiliation:
Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Keiichiro Tazawa
Affiliation:
Worldwide Veterinary Service Thailand, Hang Dong, Chiang Mai 50230, Thailand
Witchuta Junsiri
Affiliation:
Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Amaya Watthanadirek
Affiliation:
Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Nitipon Srionrod
Affiliation:
Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
Runglawan Chawengkirttikul
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Panat Anuracpreeda*
Affiliation:
Parasitology Research Laboratory (PRL), Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
*
Author for correspondence: Panat Anuracpreeda, E-mail: panat.anu@mahidol.edu, panat2@gmail.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

There was little information regarding the occurrence of canine vector-borne disease (CVBDs) in shelter dogs in Thailand. This work is the first report regarding a molecular method used to determine the occurrence and genetic diversity of three canine tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) (Hepatozoon canis, Anaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis) in blood samples from 275 shelter dogs in the north and central areas of Thailand. The PCR results based on the 18S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes showed that 71 (25.82%) dogs were positive for at least a TBP. The overall occurrence rates of H. canis, A. platys and E. canis infections were 1.81, 16.36 and 7.64%, respectively. For the phylogenetic analysis, A. platys 16S rRNA gene was genetically diverse, while H. canis 18S rRNA and E. canis 16S rRNA genes were conserved. The haplotype diversity exhibited 12 and 2 haplotypes as well as 78 and 178 polymorphic sites of A. platys and E. canis 16S rRNA genes, respectively. Our findings could be used to improve the understanding of phylogeny and genetic diversity of TBP rRNA genes and used to ameliorate the diagnosis and control programmes for the diseases in Thailand.

Keywords

Anaplasma platysEhrlichia canisgenetic diversityHepatozoon canisnested polymerase chain reactionphylogenetic analysis
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 149 , Issue 1 , January 2022 , pp. 65 - 75
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abarca, K, López, J, Perret, C, Guerrero, J, Godoy, P, Veloz, A, Valiente-Echeverría, F, León, U, Gutjahr, C and Azócar, T (2007) Anaplasma platys in dogs. Chile. Emerging Infectious Disease 13, 1392–1395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aktas, M, Özübek, S and Ipek, S (2013) Molecular investigations of Hepatozoon species in dogs and developmental stages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Parasitology Research 112, 2381–2385.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Aktas, M, Özübek, S, Altay, K, Ipek, S, Balkaya, İ, Utuk, E, Kırbas, A, Şimsek, S and Dumanlı, N (2015) Molecular detection of tick-borne rickettsial and protozoan pathogens in domestic dogs from Turkey. Parasite and Vectors 8, 1–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baneth, G (2011) Perspectives on canine and feline hepatozoonosis. Veterinary Parasitology 18, 3–11.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baneth, G and Weigler, B (1997) Retrospective case-control study of hepatozoonosis in dogs in Israel. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 11, 365–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Felsenstein, J (1985) Confident limits in phylogenies: an approach using the bootstraps. Evolution 39, 783–791.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrus, S and Waner, T (2011) Diagnosis of canine monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia canis): an overview. Veterinary Journal (London, England: 1997) 187, 292–296.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hsieh, YC, Lee, CC, Tsang, CL and Chung, YT (2010) Detection and characterization of four novel genotypes of Ehrlichia canis from dogs. Veterinary Microbiology 146, 70–75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Junsiri, W, Watthanadirek, A, Poolsawat, N, Kaewmongkol, S, Jittapalapong, S, Chawengkirttikul, R and Anuracpreeda, P (2020) Molecular detection and genetic diversity of Anaplasma marginale based on the major surface protein genes in Thailand. Acta Tropica 205, 105338.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelly, J, Xu, C, Lucas, H, Loftis, A, Abete, J, Zeoli, F, Stevens, A, Jaegersen, K, Ackerson, K, Gessner, A, Kaltenboeck, B and Wang, C (2013) Ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, anaplasmosis and hepatozoonosis in dogs from St. Kitts, West Indies. PLoS ONE 8, e53450.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimura, M (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. The Journal of Molecular Evolution 16, 11–120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kumar, S, Stecher, G and Tamura, K (2016) MEGA 7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution 33, 1870–1874.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leigh, JW and Bryant, D (2015) PopART: full-feature software for haplotype network. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 6, 1110–1116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Librado, P and Rozas, J (2009) DnaSP v5: a software for comprehensive analysis of DNA polymorphism. Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) 25, 1451–1452.Google ScholarPubMed
Liu, M, Ruttayaporn, M, Saechan, V, Jirapattharasate, C, Moumouni, P, Cao, S, Inpankaew, T, Ybañez, A, Suzuki, H and Xuan, X (2016) Molecular survey of canine vector-borne diseases in stray dogs in Thailand. Parasitology International 65, 357–361.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Malik, MI, Qamar, M, Ain, Q, Hussain, MF, Dahmani, M, Ayaz, M, Mahmood, AK, Davoust, B, Shaikh, RS and Iqbal, F (2018) Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis in dogs from three districts in Punjab (Pakistan). Veterinary Medicine and Science 4, 126–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mengfan, Q, Lixia, W, Ying, L, Yan, R, Kuojun, C, Jinsheng, Z, Zaichao, Z, Weiwei, Y, Yelong, P, Xuepeng, C, Chongyang, L, Jun, Q and Qingling, M (2020) Molecular detection and genetic variability of Ehrlichia canis in pet dogs in Xinjiang, China. Veterinary World 13, 916–922.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nei, M and Kumar, S (2000) Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Piratae, S, Pimpjong, K, Vaisusuk, K and Chatan, W (2015) Molecular detection of Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis and Babesia canis vogeli in stray dogs in Mahasarakham province, Thailand. Annals of Parasitology 61, 183–187.Google ScholarPubMed
Piratae, S, Senawong, P, Chalermchat, P, Harnarsa, W and Sae-Chue, B (2019) Molecular evidence of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma platys and the association of infections with hematological responses in naturally infected dogs in Kalasin, Thailand. Veterinary World 12, 131–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rucksaken, R, Maneeruttanarungroj, C, Maswanna, T, Sussadee, M and Kanbutra, P (2019) Comparison of conventional polymerase chain reaction and routine blood smear for the detection of Babesia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma platys in Buriram Province. Thailand. Veterinary World 12, 700–705.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sainz, Á, Roura, X, Miró, G, Estrada-Peña, A, Kohn, B, Harrus, S and Solano-Gallego, L (2015) Guideline for veterinary practitioners on canine ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in Europe. Parasites and Vectors 8, 75.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Saitou, N and Nei, M (1987) The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4, 406–425.Google Scholar
Santamaria, A, Calzada, JE, Saldaña, A, Yabsley, MJ and Gottdenker, NL (2014) Molecular diagnosis and species identification of ehrlichia and anaplasma infections in dogs from Panama, Central America. Vector Borne Zoonotic Disease 14, 368–370.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Solano-Gallego, L, Trotta, M, Carli, E, Carcy, B, Caldin, M and Furlanello, T (2008) Babesia canis canis and Babesia canisvogeli clinicopathological findings and DNA detection by means of PCR-RFLP in blood from Italian dogs suspected of tick-borne disease. Veterinary Parasitology 157, 211–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suksawat, J, Xuejie, Y, Hancock, SI, Hegarty, BC, Nilkumhang, P and Breitschwerdt, EB (2001) Serologic and molecular evidence of co infection with multiple vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Thailand. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 15, 453–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tamura, K and Nei, M (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 103, 512–526.Google Scholar
Valenciano, A (2014) Hepatozoon canis, Atlas of Canine and Feline Peripheral Blood Smears (Small Animal Laboratory Essentials). 1st Edn. United States: Mosby, pp. 165.Google Scholar
Watthanadirek, A, Chawengkirttikul, R, Poolsawat, N, Junsiri, W, Boonmekam, D, Reamtong, O and Anuracpreeda, P (2019) Recombinant expression and characterization of major surface protein 4 from Anaplasma marginale. Acta Tropica 197, 105047.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, J, Kelly, P, Guo, W, Xu, C, Wei, L, Jongejan, F, Loftis, A and Wang, C (2015) Development of a generic Ehrlichia FRET-qPCR and investigation of ehrlichioses in domestic ruminants on five Caribbean islands. Parasites and Vectors 8, 506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed