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Influence of host diet and phylogeny on parasite sharing by fish in a diverse tropical floodplain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2015

L. B. LIMA ,
S. BELLAY ,
H. C. GIACOMINI ,
A. ISAAC  and
D. P. LIMA-JUNIOR
L. B. LIMA*
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, Km 148 – CEP: 78690-000 – Caixa Postal 08 – Nova Xavantina – MT, Brasil Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rodovia MT 100, Km 3,5 Setor Universitário CEP: 78698 – 000 – Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brasil
S. BELLAY
Affiliation:
Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Avenida Colombo, 5790 bloco G90 sala 011, Zona 7, CEP: 87020-900 – Maringá, PR, Brasil
H. C. GIACOMINI
Affiliation:
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Office RW 520B, 25 Harbord St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3G5l, Canada
A. ISAAC
Affiliation:
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina. Rua Pioneiro, 2153, Jardim Dallas, CEP: 85950-000, Palotina, PR-Brasil
D. P. LIMA-JUNIOR
Affiliation:
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, Km 148 – CEP: 78690-000 – Caixa Postal 08 – Nova Xavantina – MT, Brasil Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Rodovia MT 100, Km 3,5 Setor Universitário CEP: 78698 – 000 – Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brasil
*
*Corresponding author: Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, Km 148 – CEP: 78690-000 – Caixa Postal 08 – Nova Xavantina – MT, Brasil. E-mail: lucianobeneditolima@gmail.com
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Summary

The patterns of parasite sharing among hosts have important implications for ecosystem structure and functioning, and are influenced by several ecological and evolutionary factors associated with both hosts and parasites. Here we evaluated the influence of fish diet and phylogenetic relatedness on the pattern of infection by parasites with contrasting life history strategies in a freshwater ecosystem of key ecological importance in South America. The studied network of interactions included 52 fish species, which consumed 58 food types and were infected with 303 parasite taxa. Our results show that both diet and evolutionary history of hosts significantly explained parasite sharing; phylogenetically close fish species and/or species sharing food types tend to share more parasites. However, the effect of diet was observed only for endoparasites in contrast to ectoparasites. These results are consistent with the different life history strategies and selective pressures imposed on these groups: endoparasites are in general acquired via ingestion by their intermediate hosts, whereas ectoparasites actively seek and attach to the gills, body surface or nostrils of its sole host, thus not depending directly on its feeding habits.

Keywords

Ecological networksphylogenetic signalhost–parasite interactions
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 143 , Issue 3 , March 2016 , pp. 343 - 349
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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