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Cryptosporidium ratti n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Czech Republic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2020

Jana Ježková ,
Jitka Prediger ,
Nikola Holubová ,
Bohumil Sak ,
Roman Konečný ,
Yaoyu Feng ,
Lihua Xiao ,
Michael Rost ,
John McEvoy Open the ORCID record for John McEvoy [Opens in a new window]  and
Martin Kváč Open the ORCID record for Martin Kváč [Opens in a new window]
Jana Ježková
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 37005České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Jitka Prediger
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 37005České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Nikola Holubová
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 37005České Budějovice, Czech Republic Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Bohumil Sak
Affiliation:
Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Roman Konečný
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 37005České Budějovice, Czech Republic
Yaoyu Feng
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, Guangdong, China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, Guangdong, China
Lihua Xiao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou510642, Guangdong, China Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou510642, Guangdong, China
Michael Rost
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 37005České Budějovice, Czech Republic
John McEvoy
Affiliation:
Microbiological Sciences Department, North Dakota State University, 1523 Centennial Blvd, Van Es Hall, Fargo, ND58102, USA
Martin Kváč*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Agriculture, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Studentská 1668, 37005České Budějovice, Czech Republic Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05České Budějovice, Czech Republic
*
Author for correspondence: Martin Kváč, E-mail: kvac@paru.cas.cz
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Abstract

The diversity and biology of Cryptosporidium that is specific for rats (Rattus spp.) are not well studied. We examined the occurrence and genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing targeting the small subunit rDNA (SSU), actin and HSP70 genes. Out of 343 faecal samples tested, none were positive by microscopy and 55 were positive by PCR. Sequence analysis of SSU gene revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium muris (n = 4), C. andersoni (n = 3), C. ryanae (n = 1), C. occultus (n = 3), Cryptosporidium rat genotype I (n = 23), Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 16) and novel Cryptosporidium rat genotype V (n = 5). Spherical oocysts of Cryptosporidium rat genotype I obtained from naturally-infected rats, measuring 4.4–5.4 μm × 4.3–5.1 μm, were infectious to the laboratory rats, but not to the BALB/c mice (Mus musculus) nor Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The prepatent period was 3 days post infection and the patent period was longer than 30 days. Naturally- and experimentally-infected rats showed no clinical signs of disease. Percentage of nucleotide similarities at the SSU, actin, HSP70 loci between C. ratti n. sp. and the rat derived C. occultus and Cryptosporidium rat genotype II, III, IV, and V ranged from 91.0 to 98.1%. These genetic variations were similar or greater than that observed between closely related species, i.e. C. parvum and C. erinacei (93.2–99.5%). Our morphological, genetic and biological data support the establishment of Cryptosporidium rat genotype I as a new species, Cryptosporidium ratti n. sp.

Keywords

Cryptosporidium rattiinfectivitymorphometric analysisphylogenyprevalence
Type
Research Article
Information
Parasitology , Volume 148 , Issue 1 , January 2021 , pp. 84 - 97
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Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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